Question 1

A(n) __________ is an injection containing an antigen that stimulates a primary immune response but that does not produce symptoms of the disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) __________ is an injection containing an...

Question 2

An upper respiratory infection is often associated with inflammed __________ lymph nodes.

Accepted Answer

Upper respiratory infections typically lead to inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes, which are located in the neck region. This is because these lymph nodes are closest to the sites of infection in the upper respiratory tract and thus are the first to respond.

Question 3

Diseases of the liver can result in reduced production of plasma proteins. How might this condition affect the function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

The liver produces plasma proteins that contribute to the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which helps to retain water within the blood vessels. Reduced production of these proteins decreases the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, leading to more fluid leaking out into the tissues, increasing the risk for edema and thereby increasing lymph formation as the lymphatic system works to remove this excess tissue fluid.

Question 4

During her annual physical, Jessica's blood work revealed a low blood lymphocyte count. What would this suggest about Jessica's current health?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During her annual physical, Jessica's blood work...

Question 5

Helper T cells "help" activate other immune cells by releasing substances called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Helper T cells "help" activate other immune...

Question 6

Colleen works in retail and is typically on her feet most of each of her 8-hour shifts. When she gets home, she complains about how swollen her feet and ankles are. Why does elevating her feet help to relieve the swelling?

Accepted Answer

Elevating the feet helps to relieve swelling because gravity assists the flow of lymph from the lower extremities back toward the trunk, reducing the accumulation of fluid in the feet and ankles.

Question 7

Of the following lymphatic tissues/structures, the immune cells found in __________ are the most likely to initiate an immune response against food-borne pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is found in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which is directly involved with the digestion and absorption of food. Therefore, immune cells in MALT are strategically positioned to encounter and initiate immune responses against food-borne pathogens.

Question 8

After being activated due to exposure to its target antigen, an activated T cell or B cell will proliferate, resulting in a(n) __________, a group of genetically identical cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After being activated due to exposure to...

Question 9

How do cytotoxic T cells destroy cancer cells and virally infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells release perforin, which forms pores in the target cell's membrane, leading to cell lysis and death. This mechanism is crucial for eliminating cancer cells and cells infected with viruses.

Question 10

What accounts for the swelling that occurs with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Increased permeability of nearby capillaries allows fluid, proteins, and white blood cells to move into the tissue, causing swelling.

Question 11

Following an immune response, some cells of the B cell clone will remain dormant. They are able to respond to antigens encountered in the future. These cells are called __________ cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following an immune response, some cells of...

Question 12

During an immune response, some of the cells in a B cell clone will differentiate into __________ cells which, in turn, produce antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During an immune response, some of the...

Question 13

The large foreign molecules that trigger immune responses are called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The large foreign molecules that trigger immune...

Quiz 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity