Question 1

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once.
-The face is expressionless,and pouting of the lips makes whistling impossible.
A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Myotonic dystrophy
D)Becker muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is characterized by weakness and wasting of the facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles, which can cause a characteristic "pouting" of the lips and difficulty with whistling.

Answer: A
 Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles, particularly in the legs and pelvic area, and is typically diagnosed in early childhood.

Answer: C
 Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness, particularly in the face, neck, and hands, and can also cause significant cognitive and behavioral problems.

Answer: D
 Becker muscular dystrophy is a less severe form of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, with a later onset and slower progression of symptoms.

Question 2

Osteosarcoma usually metastasizes to the:
A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Brain

Accepted Answer

Osteosarcoma disseminates through the bloodstream,usually to the lung.As many as 25% of children diagnosed with osteosarcoma exhibit lung metastases at diagnosis.This statement is not true of any of the other options.

Question 3

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?
A) Chondrosarcoma
B) Fibrosarcoma
C) Ewing Sarcoma
D) Osteosarcoma

Accepted Answer

Of the options available,osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor that occurs during childhood; it originates from bone-producing mesenchymal cells.

Question 4

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in which type of muscle?
A) Cardiac
B) Smooth
C) Involuntary
D) Striated

Accepted Answer

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop anywhere striated muscle is located.This statement is not true of the other options.

Question 5

What is the cause of structural scoliosis?
A) Poor posture
B) Vertebral rotation
C) Poor calcium absorption
D) Intrauterine trauma

Accepted Answer

Structural scoliosis is the curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation.No research data suggest that any of the other options results in structural scoliosis.

Question 6

Which statements are true regarding bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)
A) Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate.
B) Growth occurs through endochondral ossification.
C) Bone growth takes place under hormonal control.
D) Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge.
E) Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone.

Accepted Answer

B,D,E
Until adult stature is reached,growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate through endochondral ossification.Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge.As rapidly as new cartilage cells form,cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are destroyed and replaced by bone.Bone growth is not hormonally controlled.

Question 7

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with which gene?
A) TP53
B) src
C) myc
D) TSC2

Accepted Answer

Of the options available,only the oncogene src has been associated with osteosarcoma.

Question 8

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once.
-Shares the X-linked inheritance pattern but produces milder symptoms.
A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Myotonic dystrophy
D)Becker muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

Becker muscular dystrophy shares the X-linked inheritance pattern with Duchenne, but produces milder symptoms.

Question 9

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once.
-Is an autosomal dominant condition with a slow rate of progression and frequently mental retardation.
A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Myotonic dystrophy
D)Becker muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by a slow progression and can be associated with mental retardation.

Question 10

The anatomic makeup of which bone structures make them susceptible locations for osteomyelitis in children? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hip joint
B) Distal femur
C) Proximal humerus
D) Distal radius
E) Lateral ankle

Accepted Answer

B,C,E
Spread of infection to contiguous joints is related to the child's age.Metaphyseal infection may spread to contiguous joints if the fibrous joint capsule includes the metaphysis and epiphysis.This special situation exists at the hip joint,distal femur,proximal humerus and radius,and lateral ankle.

Question 11

Which organism is the primary cause of osteomyelitis in a newborn?
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Group B streptococcus
D) Bacillus anthracis

Accepted Answer

S.aureus is the primary cause of osteomyelitis in a newborn.Group B streptococcus and E.coli infections are responsible for some cases,especially those of multiple bone involvement and in high-risk infants.S.aureus is the responsible microorganism in 80% to 90% of osteomyelitis cases in older children.Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)is not associated with osteomyelitis.

Question 12

Generally,what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?
A) Inability to open the eyes completely
B) Difficulty standing
C) Drooping shoulders
D) Facial pain

Accepted Answer

As the name implies,clinical manifestations begin with weakness and atrophy of facial and shoulder girdle (scapulohumeral)muscles.The illness progresses slowly.An inability to close the eyes completely may be noted in early childhood.The face is expressionless,and pouting of the lips makes whistling impossible.The first symptoms usually include drooping of the shoulders with difficulty in raising the arms above the head.The onset of weakness in the lower limbs is often delayed for 20 to 30 years,and pseudohypertrophy of muscles is rare.

Question 13

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once.
-Onset occurs at approximately 3 years of age with rapid progression and frequently mental retardation.
A)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B)Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
C)Myotonic dystrophy
D)Becker muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

The description matches Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is characterized by onset at around 3 years and rapid progression, often leading to mental retardation.

Answer: B
 The description does not match any of the other options. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy typically has later onset and slower progression, while myotonic dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy have different clinical features.

Question 14

A Ewing sarcoma arises from the:
A) Bone marrow
B) Bone-producing mesenchymal cells
C) Metadiaphysis of long bones
D) Embryonal osteocytes

Accepted Answer

Arising only from bone marrow,Ewing sarcoma can break through the cortex of the bone to form a soft-tissue mass.

Quiz 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once. -The face is expressionless,and pouting of the lips makes whistling impossible.

Osteosarcoma usually metastasizes to the:

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in which type of muscle?

What is the cause of structural scoliosis?

Which statements are true regarding bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with which gene?

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once. -Shares the X-linked inheritance pattern but produces milder symptoms.

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once. -Is an autosomal dominant condition with a slow rate of progression and frequently mental retardation.

The anatomic makeup of which bone structures make them susceptible locations for osteomyelitis in children? (Select all that apply.)

Which organism is the primary cause of osteomyelitis in a newborn?

Generally,what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once. -Onset occurs at approximately 3 years of age with rapid progression and frequently mental retardation.

A Ewing sarcoma arises from the: