Question 1

Which of the following describes why Mendel continued some of his experiments into the F2 or F3 generation?

Accepted Answer

Mendel continued his experiments into the F2 and F3 generations to observe the reappearance of recessive traits, which helped him understand the principles of inheritance and segregation of alleles.

Question 2

Use the figure and the following description to answer the question.
In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus D. Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A true-breeding, dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of the F1 cross is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown in the figure, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square. 
Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with dark leaves?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

A diploid animal is dihybrid at the Head shape (H) and Tail length (T) loci. Which of the following gamete genotypes can it produce?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Mendel crossed true breeding yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6,022 yellow and 2,001 green (8,023 total). Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship of the allele for green seeds to the allele for yellow seeds?

Accepted Answer

The green allele is recessive to the yellow allele because the yellow seeds were more prevalent in the F2 generation, following a typical Mendelian 3:1 ratio for a dominant (yellow) to recessive (green) trait inheritance.

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly describes how Mendel explained why traits disappeared in the F1 generation and then reappeared in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's experiments with pea plants led him to propose that traits can be dominant or recessive. The recessive traits were hidden by the dominant ones in the F1 generation but could reappear in the F2 generation when two recessive alleles were present.

Question 6

Albinism is a recessive trait where an individual does not produce the pigment melanin. A man and woman both produce melanin, but both have one parent with albinism. What is the probability that their first child will have albinism?

Accepted Answer

Since albinism is a recessive trait, both parents must be carriers (heterozygous) to have a parent with albinism. The Punnett square for two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) shows that there is a 1/4 chance for an offspring to be aa (albino).

Question 7

How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?

Accepted Answer

The number of unique gametes is calculated as 2^n, where n is the number of heterozygous gene pairs. Here, there are 3 heterozygous pairs (Aa, Bb, Dd), so 2^3 = 8.

Question 8

In a certain species of diploid fish a single gene controls skin color. Researchers have found four different alleles of this gene within the fish population. How many different gamete genotypes are possible in an individual of this species?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a certain species of diploid fish...

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the law of independent assortment is correct?

Accepted Answer

The law of independent assortment describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop. It means the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another.

Question 10

Which of the following sentences state a significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's experiments led to the conclusion that traits are inherited as discrete units, rather than through a blending of parental traits. This foundational principle of genetics contradicted the blending inheritance theory that was widely accepted at the time.

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly describes the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for one character, while a dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes how an individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make gametes with eight different genotypes.

Accepted Answer

The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can produce gametes with eight different genotypes due to independent assortment, which is described in choice C. This principle states that the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene, allowing for various combinations of alleles to be passed on to the gametes.

Question 13

Use the figure and the following description to answer the question.
In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus D. Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A true-breeding, dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of the F1 cross is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown in the figure, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square. 
Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants that will be true-breeding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the figure and the following description...

Question 14

Why did all of the F1 offspring of Mendel's purple and white flowered pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?

Accepted Answer

One allele was dominant in Mendel's experiments, which is why all of the F1 offspring resembled one of the two parental varieties. Mendel discovered that one trait would mask the other, a phenomenon now understood as dominance, where the dominant allele determines the organism's appearance.

Question 15

Use the figure and the following description to answer the question.
In a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus D. Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. A true-breeding, dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the F1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. The predicted outcome of the F1 cross is diagrammed in the Punnett square shown in the figure, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square. 
Which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the figure and the following description...

Question 16

Which of the following best describes how an individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make haploid gametes with different genotypes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes how...

Question 17

Albinism is a recessive trait where an individual does not produce the pigment melanin. A man and woman who both produce melanin have one child out of three who has albinism. What are the genotypes of the man and woman?

Accepted Answer

Both parents must carry one copy of the recessive allele (heterozygous) for albinism to have a child with albinism, as albinism is a recessive trait.

Question 18

When Mendel set up a Parental (P) cross between true breeding purple and white flowered plants to generate the F1 and then allowed the F1 to self-pollinate to generate the F2 he saw a dominant to recessive ratio of 3:1. What phenotypic ratio would be expected if he crossed the F1 with the original purple parent?

Accepted Answer

When Mendel crossed the F1 generation (which are all heterozygous for the flower color trait) with the original purple parent (which is homozygous dominant), all offspring would have at least one dominant allele for purple color, resulting in a 4:0 ratio of purple to white flowers.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the law of segregation is correct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about the...

Question 20

Which of the following statements correctly explains the fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The principle of independent assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. Mendel's observation that all seven traits obeyed this principle suggests that the genes controlling these traits were located on different chromosomes, allowing them to assort independently of each other during meiosis.

Quiz 14: Mendelian Genetics