Question 1

Which form of an endocrine disease means that the source of the problem for the disease resides in the organ that produces the final hormone?

Accepted Answer

Primary endocrine disease occurs when the problem originates in the gland that produces the hormone, affecting its ability to produce and release the hormone properly.

Question 2

Palpation of the ventral neck of a cat should be performed on hyperthyroid felines that exhibit

Accepted Answer

Palpation of the ventral neck in hyperthyroid cats is performed to check for an enlarged thyroid gland, a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. Tachycardia, or rapid heart rate, is a typical sign of hyperthyroidism in cats, making it relevant to the condition and the examination process.

Question 3

Cats with hyperthyroidism because of thyroid tumors often experience and increase in beta-1 receptors on __________ cells.

Accepted Answer

Cats with hyperthyroidism due to thyroid tumors often experience an increase in beta-1 receptors on heart cells, which can lead to symptoms such as increased heart rate and potentially contribute to the development of heart conditions.

Question 4

Exogenous drugs are

Accepted Answer

Exogenous drugs are made outside the body, distinguishing them from endogenous substances, which are naturally produced within the body.

Question 5

Of the following list, who should be chosen to administer prostaglandin for estrous synchronization of dairy cows on a farm?

Accepted Answer

The healthy technician who is used to handling needles and syringes is the best choice for administering prostaglandin for estrous synchronization because they have the necessary experience and there are no health risks mentioned that would be exacerbated by exposure to the drug. Pregnant women, individuals with asthma, and those not using proper protective equipment (like gloves) should avoid exposure to certain veterinary pharmaceuticals, including prostaglandins, due to potential health risks.

Question 6

Progesterone has a negative feedback effect on the release of all except

Accepted Answer

Progesterone has a negative feedback effect on the release of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), and GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) to regulate the menstrual cycle and maintain pregnancy. It does not directly inhibit the release of estrogen; instead, by inhibiting GnRH, LH, and FSH, it indirectly affects estrogen levels since these hormones are involved in estrogen production.

Question 7

Hypothyroidism is commonly recognized and treated in

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism is most commonly recognized and treated in dogs. It is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slowdown in the animal's metabolism. This condition is less commonly diagnosed in cats, horses, and cattle.

Question 8

Levothyroxine used to treat hypothyroidism

Accepted Answer

Levothyroxine has a wide therapeutic (safety) index, meaning that there is a wide range of doses between the effective dose and the toxic dose.

Question 9

Which type of injectable insulin product should be used during a diabetic emergency, administered via the IV route?

Accepted Answer

Regular insulin is the only type of insulin that can be administered intravenously, making it suitable for use in diabetic emergencies.

Question 10

What would be the effect of using a U-40 syringe instead of a U-100 syringe to pull up a dose of insulin?

Accepted Answer

The dose will likely be incorrect because U-40 and U-100 syringes are calibrated for different concentrations of insulin (40 units per mL and 100 units per mL, respectively), leading to potential dosing errors if they are not matched correctly with their insulin type.

Question 11

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and is more commonly diagnosed in

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, is more commonly diagnosed in dogs than in cats, horses, or cattle. This condition requires insulin therapy for management.

Question 12

Human chorionic gonadotropin and equine chorionic gonadotropin are examples of gonadotropins

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) are hormones that have luteinizing hormone (LH) like effects, which include promoting ovulation and supporting the early stages of pregnancy. They are not released by the pituitary gland, produced by the dam's uterus, or the same as gonadorelin, which is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog.

Question 13

Prostaglandins are commonly used to terminate pregnancies in many domestic species. Injection of the specific prostaglandin F₂ _$\alpha$ (PgF₂ _$\alpha$ ) is alone not 100% effective in causing parturition in cattle that are near term. Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prostaglandins are commonly used to terminate pregnancies...

Question 14

Developing ovarian follicles produce which two hormones.

Accepted Answer

Developing ovarian follicles primarily produce estrogen and inhibin. Estrogen is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, while inhibin plays a role in inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 15

What is the hormone that promotes the maintenance of pregnancies?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone is known as the pregnancy hormone, playing a crucial role in maintaining the uterine lining for a fertilized egg to implant and supporting pregnancy development.

Question 16

Animals with follicular cysts will

Accepted Answer

Animals with follicular cysts often exhibit signs of persistent estrus or heat due to the continuous production of estrogen by the cysts.

Question 17

Thyrotoxicosis is another name for

Accepted Answer

Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome that results when tissues are exposed to high levels of circulating thyroid hormone, which is most commonly due to hyperthyroidism.

Question 18

A farmer has a cow that has experienced chronic ketosis over the period of 2 months. The herd veterinarian diagnoses fatty liver syndrome, a condition where over conditioned cattle deposit excess lipid in their liver parenchyma resulting in a metabolic disorder which effects the body's utilization of blood sugar. In addition to the standard ketosis treatment of IV glucose, dexamethasone, and B vitamins, the veterinarian adds BID insulin to the protocol for 3 days. Why is this addition contraindicated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A farmer has a cow that has...

Question 19

With regards to thyroid hormone, which is the correct statement?

Accepted Answer

In tissues, T4 (thyroxine) is converted to T3 (triiodothyronine) by losing an iodine atom, making T3 the more active form of thyroid hormone.

Question 20

Hypothyroidism as result of decreased iodine ingestion causes Goiter because

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism due to decreased iodine ingestion leads to low levels of thyroid hormones. The pituitary gland responds by secreting more Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to grow, causing goiter. This is a compensatory mechanism to try and increase thyroid hormone production.

Quiz 7: Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System