Question 1

Indirect measures of brain and physical function are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychological assessment refers to the indirect measures of brain and physical function, focusing on how brain dysfunction affects cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

Question 2

A common type of physiological assessment that measures heart rate is a(n)

Accepted Answer

An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart and is used to detect and diagnose heart problems. It is a common type of physiological assessment that measures heart rate. Option A measures skin conductance, B measures brain activity, and D measures levels of neurotransmitters or hormones.

Question 3

A person's physiological or cognitive characteristics that may help the therapist in understanding problems and help to determine treatment are

Accepted Answer

Organismic variables refer to a person's physiological or cognitive characteristics, such as temperament, genetics, or medical conditions, which may influence their behavior or mental state. Understanding these variables can be important in determining the most effective treatment approach. Preliminary variables refer to information gathered in the initial assessment, conditional variables refer to environmental factors that may affect behavior, and behavioral variables refer to the observable actions or responses of the individual.

Question 4

Between or among brain-imaging techniques to reveal structural abnormalities only, which provides the highest- quality images without radiation?

Accepted Answer

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) provides high-quality images without the use of ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for repeated imaging over time. While CT (Computed Tomography) is useful for detecting structural abnormalities, it uses ionizing radiation and may not provide the same level of detail as MRI. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is more useful for functional imaging rather than structural abnormalities.

Question 5

One example of an assessment technique that can measure specific central nervous system change is

Accepted Answer

Brain imaging can directly visualize changes in the CNS, such as changes in brain structure or activity, providing a highly specific assessment technique. Self-monitoring, controlled observation, and functional analysis may provide information on behavior or other indicators of CNS change, but are less direct and specific than brain imaging.

Question 6

Various physical measures of bodily changes associated with mental conditions are

Accepted Answer

Psychophysiological assessments are measures of bodily changes associated with mental conditions. These assessments typically involve measuring physiological processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and muscle tension in response to specific stimuli or situations. They are often used as a way of gaining insight into the physiological processes underlying mental health conditions, and may be used in diagnosis, treatment planning, or as a tool for research. Neurophysiological analyses (B) are a specific type of psychophysiological assessment that focus on measuring brain activity using techniques like EEG or fMRI. Bodily disruption indices (C) and common sense connections (D) do not accurately describe measures of bodily changes associated with mental conditions.

Question 7

According to the textbook, types of psychophysiological assessments include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The types of psychophysiological assessments listed in the question include electroencephalogram (A), galvanic skin conductance (B), and electrocardiogram (D). The only option not included in the list is positron emission tomography (C).

Question 8

When a client observes and records his or her own behaviors, emotions, and thoughts, the assessment form known as is being used.

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring is the assessment form where the client observes and records his or her own behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. Naturalistic observation involves observing individuals in their natural environment, controlled observation involves observing individuals in a controlled setting, and organismic monitoring involves observing physical and physiological reactions to stimuli.

Question 9

When a client is involved in tests that approximate situations people face in real life and that may elicit a certain problem behavior, he/she is participating in a

Accepted Answer

Controlled observation involves creating specific situations that mimic real-life scenarios to observe and elicit certain behaviors in a controlled environment.

Question 10

When a client is directly observed in his/her natural environment, he/she is participating in a(n)

Accepted Answer

When a client is directly observed in his/her natural environment, it is called naturalistic observation. This method involves observing and recording the behavior of individuals in their natural setting without intervention or manipulation from the researcher or therapist. The other options (A, B, and C) do not accurately describe this type of observation.

Question 11

The assessment that involves evaluating bodily changes possibly associated with certain mental conditions is

Accepted Answer

The assessment that involves evaluating bodily changes possibly associated with certain mental conditions is referred to as psychophysiological assessment. This approach measures physiological responses, such as heart rate or brain waves, that are believed to be related to underlying psychological processes.

Question 12

Sam is undergoing an assessment technique.He is having electrodes placed at various locations on his scalp so the electrical lead to 80 in various brain areas can be assessed.Sam is undergoing a(n)

Accepted Answer

The placement of electrodes on Sam's scalp to assess electrical activity in various brain areas is indicative of an electroencephalogram (EEG), a technique commonly used to measure brain wave activity and diagnose various neurological conditions. An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures electrical activity in the heart, while a neuropsychological assessment measures cognitive and behavioral function. A neurochemical assessment evaluates chemical levels in the brain.

Question 13

Lorrie's therapist has been performing a functional analysis of her behavior that focuses on antecedents and consequences.These observations are part of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A functional analysis of behavior is a type of behavioral assessment that involves observing antecedents (triggers) and consequences (reinforcements or punishments) of a behavior. This information can then be used to develop a treatment plan based on operant conditioning principles. So, the best choice is B, behavioral assessment.

Question 14

The method of evaluating brain functioning via one's performance on standardized tests that indicate brain behavior relationships is

Accepted Answer

The method described in the question is neuropsychological assessment, which involves using standardized tests to evaluate brain functioning and its relationship to behavior. Biopsychosocial assessment is a broader approach that takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors in evaluating an individual's functioning. Neurophysiological assessment involves using measures of brain activity, such as EEG or fMRI, to assess brain functioning. Biophysiological assessment is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 15

The main biological assessment technique that measures metabolites and their relationship to neurotransmitter levels is

Accepted Answer

The main biological assessment technique that measures metabolites and their relationship to neurotransmitter levels is neurochemical assessment, which involves analyzing the concentrations of various neurotransmitters and their metabolites in biological samples such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or blood. This technique helps identify imbalances in neurotransmitter levels that may underlie various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Brain chemical analysis, neurobiological homeostasis, and neuroendocrine psychopharmacology are not specific techniques used to measure metabolites and neurotransmitter levels.

Question 16

Julie has been administered one or more standardized tests to evaluate a specific area of brain functioning.This is known as

Accepted Answer

Focal testing involves administering one or more standardized tests to evaluate a specific area of brain functioning. Local testing and specific testing are not commonly used terms in this context. Retention testing involves testing the retention or memory of previously learned material.

Question 17

When imaging techniques transcend structure and reveal brain activity, the methods used are

Accepted Answer

When imaging techniques transcend structure and reveal brain activity, the methods used are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). These techniques are tailored specifically to detect changes in blood flow, oxygenation and glucose metabolism in brain regions, and thus can provide information about neural activity in response to stimuli or tasks.

Question 18

The two primary methods of indirect brain function assessment are the

Accepted Answer

The two primary methods of indirect brain function assessment are broad range, which looks at the overall activity of the brain, and specific area, which focuses on certain areas of the brain that are associated with specific functions. Regional mapping and collective function are not as commonly used or established methods of indirect brain function assessment. Subjective and objective interpretations and subliminal and conscious awareness measures are not methods of indirect brain function assessment but rather approaches to studying cognition and behavior.

Question 19

The purpose of assessment is to measure overt behaviors or responses shown by a person.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of assessment in behaviorism is to measure overt behaviors or responses shown by a person rather than focusing on internal mental states or processes. Clinical assessments may incorporate a behavioral component, but they also assess internal experiences and are broader in scope. Observational assessments involve the gathering of data through observation, but this method can be used in various fields and is not specific to behaviorism. Consequences are not directly related to the purpose of assessment in behaviorism.

Question 20

Behavioral assessment often involves a functional analysis of behavior.Which of the following is an example of an antecedent to behavior in such an analysis?

Accepted Answer

An antecedent is a trigger or stimulus that comes before the behavior. Option A highlights a specific trigger, driving on the freeway, that prompts a panic attack. Option B describes the consequence of the behavior (helping Janae avoid stressful situations) and option C describes the consequence of the behavior (getting attention). Therefore, option A is the only example of an antecedent to behavior.

Quiz 4: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Study of Mental Disorders