Question 1

On which personality dimension would someone who is stingy, critical, and suspicious most likely score the lowest?

Accepted Answer

Someone who is stingy, critical, and suspicious would likely score low on agreeableness, as this personality trait is characterized by being cooperative, compassionate, and trusting of others.

Question 2

Because she has what Costa and McCrae would classify as an 'agreeable' personality, one would expect that Noeleen would be described by others as a

Accepted Answer

According to Costa and McCrae's personality traits, individuals with an 'agreeable' personality are characterized by being kind, sympathetic, cooperative, and affectionate. These traits make them generally pleasant to be around and create a positive social atmosphere. Thus, Noeleen would likely be described by others as a joy to be around.

Question 3

Costa and McCrae's model of personality, which includes dimensions like conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, is commonly referred to as the ____ model.

Accepted Answer

The Costa and McCrae model of personality is commonly referred to as the five-factor model, as it includes five main dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 4

Tshepo is asked to describe what it is like to work with Khetiwe. In response, he says, 'She is mean, anxious, and really self-conscious.' This description best matches a person scoring high on Costa and McCrae's ____ personality dimension.

Accepted Answer

Tshepo's description of Khetiwe being mean, anxious, and self-conscious indicates a high level of neuroticism. Neuroticism is the personality dimension characterized by emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, and irritability.

Question 5

Which trait fits someone who scores low on an openness to experience assessment?

Accepted Answer

People who score low on openness to experience are typically characterized as being conservative, traditional, and resistant to change. They are also known for being practical and down-to-earth, favoring the familiar over the unknown. This manifests as a lack of curiosity for new ideas or experiences, resulting in an uncaring attitude towards exploring new perspectives.

Question 6

Ahmed is in charge of hiring new employees for his company. He wants to hire people who are very organised, responsible, and will work hard for the company. In which trait is Ahmed most interested?

Accepted Answer

Ahmed is most interested in conscientiousness, which refers to traits such as being responsible, organised, and hardworking. This trait is often viewed as an important predictor of job performance and success. Agreeableness, extroversion, and openness to experience are also important traits, but they may not be as critical for the specific job requirements that Ahmed is looking for.

Question 7

An individual low on the ____ characteristic would likely be described as even-tempered and comfortable.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness. Individuals low on neuroticism tend to be more even-tempered and comfortable, as they experience fewer negative emotions.

Question 8

Darejeh and Singh (2014) concluded that self-learning is improved by taking ____ differences into account.

Accepted Answer

Darejeh and Singh (2014) found that taking into account the learner's individual differences, such as their prior knowledge, learning style, and motivation, can improve self-learning. Therefore, the answer is B (learner). The other options, instructor (A), generativity (C), and external motivators (D), are not directly related to the improvement of self-learning through individual differences.

Question 9

At which age is the debate of personality stability versus change most heated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At which age is the debate of...

Question 10

Luthando is determined to become CEO of her company. She works more than 10 hours per day, is meticulous in her work, and sticks with the most difficult projects until they are completed. Luthando would most likely score highly on a scale that measured

Accepted Answer

Luthando's dedication, attention to detail, and perseverance indicate a high degree of conscientiousness, which is a trait associated with achievement and success in the workplace. Agreeableness, extroversion, and openness to experience may also be valuable traits in certain roles, but they are not as directly related to leadership and goal-oriented behavior as conscientiousness.

Question 11

How is expert problem-solving different from problem-solving by a novice?

Accepted Answer

Experts have more knowledge and experience, allowing them to draw from past experiences and apply them to current problems, leading to faster solutions. Novices, on the other hand, may need to rely on trial-and-error or follow step-by-step processes to solve problems. While novices may demonstrate more curiosity and creativity, experts have more efficient problem-solving strategies. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as there is no evidence to support these assertions about differences between expert and novice problem-solving.

Question 12

Naledi is known for being very opinionated, extremely sociable, and loving a challenge. According to the five-factor model, Naledi is best thought of as being

Accepted Answer

Naledi is described as being sociable and loving a challenge, which are both characteristics of extroverted individuals according to the five-factor model.

Question 13

What is an example of an internal motivator for adults to learn something new?

Accepted Answer

Personal satisfaction is an internal motivator for adults to learn something new as it is driven by an individual's desire to learn and improve oneself, rather than external rewards or incentives such as a job promotion or pay raise. Family time is also an external motivator as it involves fulfilling social responsibilities towards family members, rather than purely personal growth and development.

Question 14

Since she has what Costa and McCrae would classify as a 'highly extroverted' personality, one would expect that Ayesha would be described by others as

Accepted Answer

As Ayesha has a highly extroverted personality, she would likely enjoy being the center of attention and have a desire for the spotlight. Therefore, the best choice is D, "loving the spotlight." Options A, B, and C are unlikely as they do not correspond with the traits of extroverted personalities.

Question 15

Sadie is an expert on the history of gospel music, while Sipho is a novice. This means that Sadie ____ than Sipho.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Sadie is an expert implies that she has more knowledge and experience in the history of gospel music than Sipho, making her more effective at determining correct solutions.

Question 16

Which of these is true about expertise?

Accepted Answer

Expertise is selective in that it is focused on a particular area of knowledge or skill.

Question 17

Which statement about adult learners and their younger counterparts is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that adults tend to be more intrinsically motivated, meaning they are driven by internal factors such as personal interest or a desire for self-improvement. Younger learners, on the other hand, may be more extrinsically motivated, meaning they are driven by external factors such as grades or rewards. While younger learners may have more varied experiences, adults bring a wealth of real-world knowledge and practical skills to the learning process.

Question 18

Which statement best describes the findings from most longitudinal studies of personality stability?

Accepted Answer

Most longitudinal studies suggest that personality traits are fairly stable across adulthood. While there may be some changes, especially during early adulthood, the overall stability of personality is a consistent finding.

Question 19

Musa is described by friends as having a great imagination and being willing to try anything once. Given this description, Musa would most likely score very high on a scale of

Accepted Answer

Musa's willingness to try new things and having a great imagination suggests a high level of openness to experience. This trait measures a person's creativity, curiosity, and openness to new ideas, values, and experiences.

Question 20

Expert performance tends to peak in ____ and drop off ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Expert performance tends to peak in ____...

Quiz 13: Making It in Midlife: the Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood