A nurse is traveling to a third-world country with a medical volunteer group to work with people who are infected with human immune deficiency virus (HIV).The nurse should recognize that which of the following might be a barrier to the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission? (Select all that apply.)

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Treatment and prevention of HIV is complex,and in third-world countries barriers exist that one might not otherwise think of.Mothers must have access to clean drinking water if they are to mix formula.Cultural beliefs about illness,lack of available medications,and social stigma are also possible barriers.Perinatal transmission is well known to occur across the placenta during birth,from exposure to blood and body fluids during birth,and through breast-feeding.

A Nurse Is Traveling to a Third-World Country with a Medical