Question 1

Sociologists look to identify the scarce resources that pulled Greenlanders into the global division of labour.From the 16th through the late 19th centuries that resource was
A)oil, extracted from the ground.
B)oil, extracted from whales.
C)rubber.
D)ivory.

Accepted Answer

Greenlanders were pulled into the global division of labour through their extraction of whale oil, which was a scarce resource highly valued in the emerging industrial markets of Europe and America.

Question 2

Marx believed that _________ was the first economic system capable of maximising the immense productive potential of human labour and ingenuity.
A)the capitalist system
B)socialism
C)communism
D)a centrally planned economy

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that capitalism allowed for the accumulation of capital and investment in technology and infrastructure, leading to significant growth in productivity and wealth. He saw this potential as a necessary step towards communism, in which wealth would be distributed more equally among all members of society. While Marx saw socialism as a transitionary phase between capitalism and communism, he did not see it as capable of fully harnessing human potential in the same way as capitalism.

Question 3

During the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, European and American whalers killed tens of thousands of whales in Arctic waters for commercial purposes, with little effective resistance from environmental or animal rights groups.Today, whaling is a highly monitored activity subject to quotas.This change in reaction to whaling suggests that
A)behaviour considered deviant at one time and place may not be considered deviant at another.
B)people have consistent ideas about what is considered deviant.
C)something is deviant only if it considered deviant across time and place.
D)Native people who still whale should be punished.

Accepted Answer

The change in societal reaction to whaling shows that what is considered deviant can change over time and in different places. What was once deemed acceptable and commercial is now viewed as potentially harmful to the environment and animal species, leading to a shift in attitudes and regulations.

Question 4

Which one of the following theorists would ask 'Who benefits from climate change, and at whose expense?'
A)Functionalists
B)Conflict theorists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)Structural strain theorists

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists focus on power and inequality in society, and would therefore be interested in analyzing who benefits from climate change and who is negatively impacted by it. They would also be interested in examining the societal structures and institutions that perpetuate or exacerbate these inequalities.

Question 5

An __________ is a group toward which people feel a sense of separateness, opposition, or even hatred.
A)primary group
B)in-group
C)out-group
D)secondary group

Accepted Answer

An out-group is a group toward which people feel a sense of separateness, opposition, or even hatred.

Question 6

Karl Marx argued that ________ 'chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe'.
A)change
B)globalisation-from-below
C)globalisation-from-above
D)the drive for profit

Accepted Answer

Marx argued that the bourgeoisie, or the capitalist class, are constantly driven by the pursuit of profit and that this chase drives them to seek out new markets and resources globally. This process, known as globalization-from-above, is driven by the economic interests of the capitalist class and serves to extend their power and control over the global economy.

Question 7

The government of Greenland joined with four large corporations to create an export promotion strategy and an international branding strategy for the country.Sociologists classify such corporations as _________ organisations.
A)formal
B)voluntary
C)emerging
D)informal

Accepted Answer

Formal organizations are structured and have an official hierarchy of authority. Corporations are typically formal organizations, as they have a specific structure with clearly defined roles and responsibilities. In this case, the four large corporations involved in the export promotion and branding strategy would be classified as formal organizations.

Question 8

From a global perspective, people who live in _____ have the lowest access to sustainable water, with the equivalent of 9 993 litres available to each person each year.
A)Kuwait
B)the United States
C)Canada
D)Greenland

Accepted Answer

Kuwait has the lowest access to sustainable water with the equivalent of 9 993 litres available to each person each year. This is due to its desert climate and lack of natural water resources. In comparison, the United States and Canada have higher access to sustainable water due to their abundance of freshwater lakes and rivers. Greenland, despite being a cold and dry environment, has a higher access to sustainable water due to its large ice sheet that provides a significant source of freshwater.

Question 9

A_________ of climate change is a growing interest in Greenland, the Arctic and Antarctica such that popular films are set in or give prominent attention to these locations
A)manifest function
B)latent function
C)manifest dysfunction
D)latent dysfunction

Accepted Answer

A latent function is an unintended consequence of a social activity that is not immediately recognized. The growing interest in Greenland, the Arctic and Antarctica in popular films is an unintended consequence of climate change, which has brought these locations to the forefront of public attention. Therefore, the best choice is B- latent function.

Question 10

Climate change is fuelling the emergence of two opposing groups (an in-group and an out-group).Those groups are
A)Arctic peoples/tropical islanders versus people who live in highest greenhouse gas producing societies.
B)capitalists versus ecotourists.
C)cold weather versus warm weather peoples.
D)wind versus solar power users.

Accepted Answer

Arctic peoples and tropical islanders are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, while those living in the highest greenhouse gas producing societies are often the most responsible for causing it. This creates a divide between these two groups, with one being directly impacted by climate change and the other potentially benefiting from practices that worsen it.

Question 11

_____ are viewed as coordinating mechanisms, because they bring together people, resources, and technology and then channel social activity toward achieving a specific outcome.
A)In-groups
B)Out-groups
C)Formal organisations
D)Paradigms

Accepted Answer

Formal organizations such as corporations, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations use structures and processes to coordinate the activities of their members towards achieving a specific goal. They bring together people, resources, and technology in a deliberate and organized manner to achieve an intended outcome. In-groups and out-groups are groups of individuals who share common interests or characteristics, whereas paradigms are theoretical frameworks used to explain or understand phenomena.

Question 12

___________ are particularly interested in ways climate change is affecting interaction among Greenlanders.
A)Functionalists
B)Conflict theorists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)Structural strain theorists

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists are focused on how individuals and groups interact and create meaning in their social environments. In the case of climate change in Greenland, they may be interested in how changing environmental conditions are impacting the cultural practices, social norms, and interpersonal relationships among the community.

Question 13

In studying the effects of climate change on Greenland, ________ key in on the many industries that have moved operations to Greenland to exploit its resources for commercial interests.
A)functionalists
B)conflict theorists
C)symbolic interactionists
D)structural strain theorists

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists would be most likely to focus on the exploitation of resources in Greenland, as they view society as primarily composed of different groups competing for resources and power. They would be interested in the impact of climate change on these industries, as well as the ways in which they might contribute to climate change through their practices. Neither functionalists nor symbolic interactionists would necessarily focus on this aspect of the issue, and structural strain theorists are more concerned with the tension between social goals and the means of achieving them.

Question 14

The unexpected emergence of a working alliance between Inuit Greenlanders and tropical island peoples, both of whom face cultural extinction from rising sea levels associated with climate change is a
A)manifest function.
B)latent function.
C)manifest dysfunction.
D)latent dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

The unexpected emergence of a working alliance between Inuit Greenlanders and tropical island peoples is a latent function because it was not an intended consequence of climate change. The two groups came together to protect their cultures from the threat of rising sea levels caused by climate change.

Question 15

One effect of climate change in Greenland is gradual extinction of marine species that disrupts Inuit hunting - and, by extension - their eating habits.This change directly affects the Inuit's way of life or their
A)paradigm.
B)culture.
C)innovation.
D)cultural lag.

Accepted Answer

The gradual extinction of marine species in Greenland directly affects Inuit hunting and eating habits, which are integral parts of their culture.

Question 16

Sociologists use the term _________ to describe a group with which people identify and to which they feel closely attached - particularly when that attachment is founded on opposition to another group.
A)primary group
B)in-group
C)out-group
D)secondary group

Accepted Answer

The term in-group refers to a group with which people identify and feel closely attached, especially when the attachment is rooted in opposition to another group. A primary group refers to a small, intimate group characterized by face-to-face interaction and a strong sense of belonging. An out-group is a group with which an individual does not identify and may actively oppose. A secondary group is a larger, more impersonal group that may come together for a specific purpose or goal.

Question 17

A _________ connected to climate change in Greenland is the loss of status among Inuit elders who can no longer predict the weather.
A)manifest function
B)latent function
C)manifest dysfunction
D)latent dysfunction

Accepted Answer

This is a latent dysfunction because it is an unintended, negative consequence of climate change. The loss of status among Inuit elders, who traditionally could predict the weather, is not an obvious or direct outcome of climate change, making it latent, and it is clearly detrimental, making it a dysfunction.

Question 18

The anticipated consequences of a growing tourism industry associated with climate change such that the number of tourists visiting Greenland each year overwhelms the resident population of towns visited is a
A)manifest function.
B)latent function.
C)manifest dysfunction.
D)latent dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

When the growing tourism industry associated with climate change overwhelms the resident population of towns visited, it creates a manifest dysfunction as the tourism industry disrupts the daily life of the local population. The function of tourism in this case is to bring in revenue and provide cultural exchange, but its unintended consequence is overwhelming the local population, which is a dysfunction.

Question 19

_______________ is formed when a substantial number of people organise to change, to resist change, or to undo change in some area of society.
A)A scientific revolution
B)A social movement
C)A basic innovation
D)Resource mobilisation

Accepted Answer

A social movement is formed when a substantial number of people organise to change, resist change, or undo change in some area of society. A scientific revolution refers to a significant shift in scientific knowledge or understanding, and a basic innovation refers to a new technology, product, or service. Resource mobilisation refers to the process of gathering and utilizing resources needed for a social movement or organization.

Question 20

The anticipated economic boom associated with a lengthened shipping season (once four months long and now eight months long due to climate change) allowing goods to move into and out of Greenland is a _________for the business community and consumers.
A)manifest function
B)latent function
C)manifest dysfunction
D)latent dysfunction

Accepted Answer

A manifest function is an intended and obvious consequence of a social structure or action. The economic boom is a clearly intended consequence for the business community and consumers due to the longer shipping season.

Quiz 23: Globalisation and Social Change

Sociologists look to identify the scarce resources that pulled Greenlanders into the global division of labour.From the 16th through the late 19th centuries that resource was

Marx believed that _________ was the first economic system capable of maximising the immense productive potential of human labour and ingenuity.

Which one of the following theorists would ask 'Who benefits from climate change, and at whose expense?'

An __________ is a group toward which people feel a sense of separateness, opposition, or even hatred.

Karl Marx argued that ________ 'chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe'.

The government of Greenland joined with four large corporations to create an export promotion strategy and an international branding strategy for the country.Sociologists classify such corporations as _________ organisations.

From a global perspective, people who live in _____ have the lowest access to sustainable water, with the equivalent of 9 993 litres available to each person each year.

A_________ of climate change is a growing interest in Greenland, the Arctic and Antarctica such that popular films are set in or give prominent attention to these locations

Climate change is fuelling the emergence of two opposing groups (an in-group and an out-group) .Those groups are

_____ are viewed as coordinating mechanisms, because they bring together people, resources, and technology and then channel social activity toward achieving a specific outcome.

___________ are particularly interested in ways climate change is affecting interaction among Greenlanders.

In studying the effects of climate change on Greenland, ________ key in on the many industries that have moved operations to Greenland to exploit its resources for commercial interests.

The unexpected emergence of a working alliance between Inuit Greenlanders and tropical island peoples, both of whom face cultural extinction from rising sea levels associated with climate change is a

One effect of climate change in Greenland is gradual extinction of marine species that disrupts Inuit hunting - and, by extension - their eating habits.This change directly affects the Inuit's way of life or their

Sociologists use the term _________ to describe a group with which people identify and to which they feel closely attached - particularly when that attachment is founded on opposition to another group.

A _________ connected to climate change in Greenland is the loss of status among Inuit elders who can no longer predict the weather.

The anticipated consequences of a growing tourism industry associated with climate change such that the number of tourists visiting Greenland each year overwhelms the resident population of towns visited is a

_______________ is formed when a substantial number of people organise to change, to resist change, or to undo change in some area of society.

The anticipated economic boom associated with a lengthened shipping season (once four months long and now eight months long due to climate change) allowing goods to move into and out of Greenland is a _________for the business community and consumers.