Question 1

Results from a variety of selective deprivation sleep studies have shown that people have a specific need for

Accepted Answer

Selective deprivation studies have found that both REM sleep and slow-wave sleep are necessary for proper functioning, so the best choice is D, which includes both types of sleep. The studies have not supported the idea that four hours of sleep is a general requirement for all individuals, and slow-wave or REM sleep alone are not sufficient for optimal functioning.

Question 2

For the past week Laura has had difficulty falling asleep at night.Even though she goes to bed at her usual time, she lays awake for several hours before she finally drifts off to sleep.It appears that Laura is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Laura is experiencing insomnia, which is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep even when there is an opportunity to do so. This is different from narcolepsy, which involves excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, sleep apnea, which involves pauses in breathing during sleep, and night terrors, which are intense feelings of fear or terror during sleep.

Question 3

The most common known sleep disorder is

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, affecting up to 30% of adults at some point in their lives. Sleep apnea, night terrors, and somnambulism are less common in the general population.

Question 4

Iris has been asleep for less than an hour.Her parents are surprised when she walks into the living room, and they tell her to go back to sleep.The next day Iris does not remember getting up after she went to bed.From this description it appears that Iris experienced

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, is a parasomnia disorder characterized by complex motor behaviors during sleep. It typically occurs during the first third of the night and can last anywhere from a few seconds to over an hour. Individuals who experience somnambulism may have no memory of the episode upon waking. Therefore, Iris's experience of walking into the living room while asleep suggests somnambulism as the most likely explanation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dreams is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

Dreams can occur in both REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and non-REM sleep stages, although they are more vivid and more frequently remembered when they occur during REM sleep.

Question 6

Sheri has no trouble falling asleep, but she has difficulty remaining asleep.Sheri is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. Sheri is able to fall asleep, but has trouble staying asleep, which indicates symptoms of insomnia. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden bouts of sleep, which is not the case for Sheri. Sleep apnea is a condition where a person experiences pauses in breathing during sleep, which is not mentioned in the description of Sheri's symptoms. Pseudoinsomnia is a condition where a person believes they are not sleeping well, but objective measures of their sleep show that they are actually getting enough sleep, which is not applicable to Sheri's situation.

Question 7

Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a potential cause of insomnia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has NOT been...

Question 8

For the past two weeks Charles has been taking a mild sedative to help him fall asleep.He is likely to find that

Accepted Answer

Over time, the body becomes tolerant to the effects of sedatives, which means that a larger dose is needed to achieve the same effect. This can lead to dependence and addiction if the drug is taken for extended periods of time.

Question 9

Anne has noticed that for the past three weeks she is unable to sleep for more than five hours at a time, even though she used to regularly get eight hours of sleep per night.She wakes early in the morning and just can't fall back to sleep once this happens.It appears that Anne has developed

Accepted Answer

Anne is exhibiting symptoms of insomnia, which is the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. She is experiencing a decrease in the amount of sleep she is getting and is waking up early and unable to fall back asleep. Somnambulism is sleepwalking, which is not applicable in this scenario. Pseudoinsomnia is the perception of poor sleep despite getting a normal amount of sleep, which is not the case for Anne. Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, which is not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that there is a strong genetic link to sleepwalking, with up to 80% of cases having a family history of the condition. A and C are not accurate statements as sleepwalking can occur without underlying psychological problems and usually occurs during non-REM sleep, not dreaming. B is a common misconception, but it is generally safe to awaken a sleepwalker.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the use of sleeping pills is least accurate?

Accepted Answer

Sleeping pills are not a good long-range solution for insomnia. They should only be used as a short-term solution and under the guidance of a physician. Long-term use can lead to dependence, tolerance, and other health issues.

Question 12

Which of the following usually occurs in REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Nightmares typically occur during REM sleep, which is characterized by rapid eye movement and vivid dreaming. Night terrors, sleepwalking, and enuresis tend to occur during non-REM sleep.

Question 13

Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience

Accepted Answer

Partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction can cause a variety of cognitive impairments, including impaired attention, impaired motor coordination, and impaired decision making.

Question 14

For the past month Michael has had difficulty falling asleep at night.Even though he goes to bed at his usual time, he lays awake for several hours before he finally drifts off to sleep.As a result, Michael has only been getting five to six hours of sleep, instead of the eight hours he is used to.Michael is likely to find that his lack of sleep leads to

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep can lead to impaired attention and difficulty focusing, which can impact cognitive abilities such as problem solving. However, hallucinations and night terrors are extreme consequences that are less likely to occur with Michael's level of sleep deprivation.

Question 15

Nathaniel's wife cannot sleep through the night.She claims that her husband seems to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath.This not only disturbs his sleep, it also awakens her.It is likely that Nathaniel

Accepted Answer

Nathaniel's symptoms are consistent with sleep apnea, a condition in which the airway becomes blocked during sleep, causing the person to briefly stop breathing and then gasp for air. This can be disruptive to both the sufferer and their sleeping partner. Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, while night terrors are episodes of terror or panic during sleep that are often accompanied by screaming or crying. Pseudoinsomnia is a condition in which a person believes they are not sleeping well, but in fact, they are getting enough sleep.

Question 16

Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep.Stephen's condition is called

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, is a condition in which a person wanders around while remaining asleep. This matches Stephen's behavior as described in the question. Option A, narcology, refers to the study of narcotics and addiction and is not relevant here. Option B, sleep tremors, is a term that is not commonly used in the medical community; the closest condition that matches this description is probably sleep-related movement disorder, but it does not fit Stephen's behavior as described in the question. Option D, agnosia, is a neurological condition in which a person is unable to recognize or identify certain objects, sounds, or smells despite having intact sensory abilities. This is not related to Stephen's condition.

Question 17

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur
...

Question 18

While serving as a subject at a sleep clinic, Erica is deprived of dreaming for several nights.As a result, she is likely to

Accepted Answer

REM rebound is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is deprived of REM sleep and then given the opportunity to sleep normally again. The individual will spend an increased amount of time in REM sleep during subsequent nights to "make up" for the lost REM sleep. Therefore, Erica is likely to experience REM rebound and spend more time in REM sleep on subsequent nights after being deprived of dreaming for several nights.

Question 19

Ethan took part in a research study in which, for three consecutive nights, he was awakened each time he entered slow-wave sleep.Now that Ethan is back at home it is likely that he will

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethan took part in a research study...

Question 20

One hypothesis regarding the cause of crib death in babies is that they stop breathing during sleep, a sleep disorder known as

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder where a person stops breathing for short periods of time during sleep. This has been suggested as a potential cause of crib death in babies.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness