Question 1

According to ____, people learn to behave aggressively in the same way that they learn other things - by direct experience and by observing others.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions both direct experience and observation of others, which are key components of social learning theory. Instrumental learning theory focuses on the relationship between behavior and its consequences, while relational aggression theory specifically pertains to aggression in the context of interpersonal relationships. The cultural relativity hypothesis is not directly related to the learning of aggressive behavior.

Question 2

Albert Bandura's 'Bobo doll' research provided support for ____.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's Bobo doll research emphasized the role of observational learning in shaping behavior, which is a fundamental aspect of social learning theory. He argued that children learn by observing and imitating the behavior of others, and he demonstrated this through his experiment where children who witnessed aggressive behavior were more likely to imitate it when given the opportunity to play with the Bobo doll.

Question 3

In the initial conceptualisation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, frustration was defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

In the initial conceptualisation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, frustration was defined as blocking or interfering with a goal.

Question 4

Research suggests that people often learn to behave in particular ways based on modelling (observing and copying others' behaviours).Which statement BEST describes how aggressive and nonaggressive models work?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that both aggressive and nonaggressive models can impact people's behaviour. Aggressive models can increase aggressive behaviour, while nonaggressive models can decrease it. Therefore, the statement that aggressive and nonaggressive models can both have an impact on behaviour is the best choice.

Question 5

According to ____, human motivational forces, such as sex and aggression, are based on instincts.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of human motivation based on instincts, including sexual and aggressive instincts, which he believed were innate and largely unconscious.

Question 6

Are humans instinctively violent? It would be MOST accurate to say that ____.

Accepted Answer

While humans do have some natural tendencies towards aggression, research suggests that there is a significant degree of socialization that can impact the levels and expressions of violence. Therefore, it is most accurate to say that humans are naturally somewhat violent, but that society can significantly change and shape aggressive patterns.

Question 7

What does the text conclude about the human 'instinct' for aggression?

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that humans do have an instinct for aggression, but culture tends to curb that instinct and reduce aggression. This can be seen in the examples provided, such as the decline in violent crime rates in many Western countries over the past few decades, as well as in cross-cultural studies that have found differences in rates of aggression and violence between cultures with different norms and values.

Question 8

Palesa watches several pornographic films and then - without even realising it - imitates some of the behaviours from the films when she is with her boyfriend.The social learning process at play here is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Modeling refers to the process of learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others. In this scenario, Palesa imitates the behaviors she observed in the pornographic films she watched with her boyfriend, which is an example of modeling. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 9

Research on social learning theory and aggression suggests that aggressive models can influence people to behave more aggressively ____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that aggressive models can influence people to behave more aggressively regardless of whether the model is live or filmed and regardless of whether the model's target is a real person or a doll.

Question 10

Use of the internet to bully others is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Cyberbullying refers to the use of the internet to bully or harass others. It involves sending or posting harmful or threatening messages or images through social media, email or text messages. Cyberbullying can have serious negative effects on victims such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide.

Question 11

As defined by Freud, the term thanatos refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

Thanatos refers to a destructive, death instinct. Freud believed that alongside the life instinct (eros), there existed a death instinct, which he called thanatos. According to him, thanatos drives aggressive and destructive behavior, including acts of self-destruction.

Question 12

According to research on social learning theory, when people are presented with aggressive models, what happens?

Accepted Answer

Research on social learning theory has found that when people are exposed to aggressive models, they tend to imitate the aggressive behaviours and can show a decrease in prosocial behaviours, as well as an increase in aggressive feelings and behaviours. There is no evidence to suggest that exposure to aggressive models leads to catharsis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a well-known programme of aggression research based on the social learning paradigm?

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's 'Bobo doll' research is a well-known programme of aggression research based on the social learning paradigm. In this research, children were observed imitating the aggressive behaviors towards a Bobo doll that they had witnessed in a video. This supported the social learning theory that behavior can be learned through observation and modeling.

Question 14

The original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis was based on ____.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories about aggression were the basis for the original formulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Question 15

Nkanyiso watches a film in which the main character aggressively yells at his mother when he doesn't get what he wants.Later that day, Nkanyiso yells at her own mother in a similar way after failing to get something she wants.The process at play here, according to social learning theorists, is ____.

Accepted Answer

The process described here is modeling. Modeling is when an individual observes and imitates the behavior of others. In this case, Nkanyiso is observing the behavior of the main character in the film and imitating it by yelling at her own mother.

Question 16

The proposal that 'the occurrence of aggressive behaviour always presupposes the existence of frustration [and] the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression' is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

The proposal that 'the occurrence of aggressive behaviour always presupposes the existence of frustration [and] the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression' is known as the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Question 17

In his early writings, Freud proposed that humans have a constructive, life-giving instinct, which he called ____.

Accepted Answer

Freud proposed the concept of two fundamental instincts in humans: Eros, the life-giving, constructive, and pleasure-seeking instinct, and Thanatos, the destructive and aggressive instinct. Jocasta and Ares are names from Greek mythology that are not related to Freud's concept of instincts.

Question 18

As discussed in the text, the Freudian theory of aggression ____.

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that the Freudian theory of aggression needs a major overhaul, indicating that it is not a reliable or accurate description of aggression.

Question 19

What distinguishes bullying from other acts of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Bullying is characterized by its persistent nature, meaning it occurs repeatedly over time, distinguishing it from other acts of aggression that might be one-time occurrences.

Question 20

Freud proposed that people have a life-giving instinct as well as a 'death instinct'.He called the latter ____.

Accepted Answer

Freud proposed that people have two basic instincts - Eros (the life-giving instinct) and Thanatos (the death instinct). Thanatos refers to the drive towards destruction, decay, and death.

Quiz 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior