According to the text, public health messages that are fear-based (e.g., messages about the dangers of smoking) are not always effective.They MOST often backfire because ____.

Question

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Fear-based messages can be too scary, causing people to become defensive and reject the message, or they can cause people to develop a sense of hopelessness and feel that their actions won't make a difference. Studies have shown that messages that focus on positive outcomes and empowerment are more effective in changing behavior.

According to the Text, Public Health Messages That Are Fear-Based