Question 1

A direct reference group is composed of:
A) face-to-face membership groups that touch people's lives directly
B) only friends,neighbors,and relatives
C) role models on television and in the movies
D) people the individual does not want to be associated with
E) people an individual aspires to be like

Accepted Answer

Direct reference groups are face-to-face membership groups that touch people's lives directly,such as family,friends,coworkers,clubs,professional groups,and religious groups.

Question 2

Reference groups can be categorized very broadly as either:
A) primary or secondary
B) persuasive or nonpersuasive
C) direct or indirect
D) positive or negative
E) personal or nonpersonal

Accepted Answer

The two categorizations of reference group are direct and indirect.

Question 3

A value or attitude deemed acceptable by a group is called a(n):
A) expectation
B) reference
C) aspiration
D) opinion
E) norm

Accepted Answer

Norms are considered acceptable behavior by a given reference group.

Question 4

All of the following are characteristics of culture EXCEPT:
A) culture is pervasive
B) culture is learned
C) culture is functional
D) culture is an inherent trait
E) culture is dynamic

Accepted Answer

People are not born with culture - it is learned.

Question 5

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be described as a subculture?
A) Bank managers
B) Hispanics
C) College students
D) Southeasterners
E) Quakers

Accepted Answer

Bank managers are a professional group and do not share demographic characteristics or attitudes and values.

Question 6

Which of the following best characterizes the underclass?
A) Highly educated underachievers whose incomes are below most comparably educated workers;often referred to as "slackers."
B) People who are not regularly employed and who depend primarily on the welfare system for sustenance;they have little schooling and live below the poverty line.
C) Individuals who derive most of their income from the "underground economy" and who tend to "fly under the radar" of the Internal Revenue Service.
D) Middle-level blue-collar workers largely working in skilled or semi-skilled serice jobs;their income is below the national average.
E) Low-paid service workers and operatives;they have some high school education a below-mainstream living standard.

Accepted Answer

The underclass is characterized by people who are not regularly employed, have little schooling, and live below the poverty line. They generally depend on the welfare system for sustenance. Option A describes highly educated individuals who have low incomes, but that does not fit the definition of the underclass. Option C describes individuals who derive most of their income from the "underground economy" and are not part of the mainstream economy. Option D describes middle-level blue-collar workers with below-average income, but they are not part of the underclass. Option E describes low-paid service workers with below-mainstream living standards, but they may not depend primarily on the welfare system like the underclass.

Question 7

Dustin is a member of a fraternity that has no problem with underage drinking.In fact,it is encouraged and expected the members will party and drink alcohol regardless of their age.For this group,drinking is considered a(n):
A) norm
B) requirement
C) expectation
D) affect
E) primer

Accepted Answer

Norms are values or attitudes deemed acceptable by a group.

Question 8

An enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable to an alternative mode of conduct is called a(n):
A) lifestyle
B) self-concept
C) attitude
D) value
E) perception

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of value.

Question 9

The fact that mothers in Japan feed their babies freeze-dried sardines and rice and most mothers in the United States would not eat a freeze-dried sardine,much less feed it to their babies,indicates how _____ influences the consumer decision-making process.
A) culture
B) perception
C) motivation
D) family life-cycle stage
E) reference group membership

Accepted Answer

Human interaction from one generation to the next shapes the habits of a society.This shaping of habits is a function of culture.

Question 10

Danny and Ron are coworkers in an office.When they have a conversation about work,they stand about 2-3 feet from each other as they chat.The amount of personal space people expect to have when interacting with a coworker is an example of which cultural component?
A) customs
B) laws
C) myths
D) values
E) artifacts

Accepted Answer

The amount of personal space people expect to have when interacting, such as in the case of Danny and Ron, is an example of customs. Customs are traditional ways of behaving or doing something that are specific to a particular society, place, or time. In this context, the expected personal space during a conversation reflects a social custom regarding personal boundaries and comfort in a workplace setting.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about culture as an influence on consumer buying behavior is true?
A) A firm that understands the culture it is selling to has just as great a probability of selling its product as a firm that has no understanding of the culture.
B) Some fear the proliferation of the Internet will increase cultural heterogeneity.
C) Language is an important aspect of culture.
D) Core values remain the same for all cultures.
E) All of the statements about culture as an influence on consumer buying behavior are true.

Accepted Answer

Without understanding a culture,a firm has little chance of selling its products in it.Some fear widespread use of the Internet will increase cultural homogeneity.Core values differ among cultures.

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT generally be considered a "core American value"?
A) equality
B) formality
C) independence
D) competitiveness
E) efficiency

Accepted Answer

Americans are generally considered quite informal,compared to most other cultures around the world.

Question 13

_____ is the set of values,norms,attitudes,and other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and is transmitted from one generation to the next.
A) Socialization
B) Customerization
C) Consumerism
D) Lifestyle
E) Culture

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of culture.

Question 14

Social influences on consumer buying decisions include:
A) society,culture,and family
B) reference groups,society,opinion leaders,and family
C) personality,lifestyle,and reference groups
D) reference groups,opinion leaders,and family
E) lifestyle,reference groups,and family

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle and personality are individual influences.Culture and society are cultural factors.

Question 15

A(n)_____ is a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem,who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally,and share behavioral norms.
A) extended family
B) subculture
C) dissociative group
D) social class
E) procreational family

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of social class.

Question 16

Homogeneous groups within a culture that share elements of the overall culture as well as have elements that are unique to that group are called:
A) autonomous personal units
B) probability samples
C) subcultures
D) normative groups
E) dissociative groups

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of subculture.

Question 17

The most defining element of a culture is its:
A) customs
B) myths
C) language
D) laws
E) values

Accepted Answer

The most defining element of a culture is its values.

Question 18

As a marketing tool in the United States,social class:
A) is useful for lifestyle distinctions between groups
B) is just a simple measure of income level
C) offers few insights concerning consumer behavior
D) is not used because the United States is a classless society
E) has demonstrated that all classes of consumers shop in the same stores

Accepted Answer

Lifestyles do differ between the existing classes in the United States,offering useful insights for marketers.

Question 19

A group in society,such as family,friends,or a professional organization,that influences an individual's purchasing behavior is called a(n):
A) reference group
B) conformist group
C) opinion group
D) social group
E) influential group

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of reference group.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about reference groups is true?
A) Reference groups stimulate,but do not constrain,consumption behavior.
B) Reference groups have strong influence on all brands and product purchases.
C) A person can only belong to one reference group.
D) Reference groups serve as information sources and influence perceptions.
E) Understanding reference groups has not helped marketers much.

Accepted Answer

Reference groups directly influence consumer behavior and provide signals (information)for appropriate behavior,which is very useful for marketers to understand.

Quiz 6: Consumer Decision Making

A direct reference group is composed of:

Reference groups can be categorized very broadly as either:

A value or attitude deemed acceptable by a group is called a(n) :

All of the following are characteristics of culture EXCEPT:

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be described as a subculture?

Which of the following best characterizes the underclass?

Dustin is a member of a fraternity that has no problem with underage drinking.In fact,it is encouraged and expected the members will party and drink alcohol regardless of their age.For this group,drinking is considered a(n) :

An enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable to an alternative mode of conduct is called a(n) :

The fact that mothers in Japan feed their babies freeze-dried sardines and rice and most mothers in the United States would not eat a freeze-dried sardine,much less feed it to their babies,indicates how _____ influences the consumer decision-making process.

Danny and Ron are coworkers in an office.When they have a conversation about work,they stand about 2-3 feet from each other as they chat.The amount of personal space people expect to have when interacting with a coworker is an example of which cultural component?

Which of the following statements about culture as an influence on consumer buying behavior is true?

Which of the following would NOT generally be considered a "core American value"?

_____ is the set of values,norms,attitudes,and other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and is transmitted from one generation to the next.

Social influences on consumer buying decisions include:

A(n) _____ is a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem,who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally,and share behavioral norms.

Homogeneous groups within a culture that share elements of the overall culture as well as have elements that are unique to that group are called:

The most defining element of a culture is its:

As a marketing tool in the United States,social class:

A group in society,such as family,friends,or a professional organization,that influences an individual's purchasing behavior is called a(n) :

Which of the following statements about reference groups is true?