Question 1

The field of psychoneuroimmunology studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on the immune system.

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is a field that studies the interactions between psychological processes (psycho-), the nervous system (neuro-), and the immune system (-immunology). It focuses on how stress, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors can affect immune function and overall health.

Question 2

Because AIDS is caused by a virus (HIV), psychoneuroimmunologists have determined that there is no relationship between stress and AIDS.

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunologists have found that stress can affect the immune system, which in turn can impact the progression of HIV to AIDS. Studies have shown that people who experience chronic stress may have weaker immune responses to HIV, making them more susceptible to developing AIDS.

Question 3

Secondary appraisal involves classifying a stressor as a threat or challenge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secondary appraisal involves classifying a stressor as...

Question 4

Studies conducted on the relationship between stress and accidents in the workplace have shown that people under a lot of stress tend to be more distracted, less cautious, and therefore, place themselves at a greater risk for having an accident.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that stress can lead to an increased risk of workplace accidents due to distraction, lack of focus, and less caution.

Question 5

The primary concern of a health psychologist is focusing on how various factors, including physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships, affect our overall health and rate of illnesses.

Accepted Answer

This is the primary concern of a health psychologist.

Question 6

According to Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale, going on vacation is about as stressful as changing to a different line of work.

Accepted Answer

Going on vacation is considered less stressful than changing to a different line of work according to Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Question 7

Type B personality is characterized by competitiveness, high ambition, hostility, and irritability.

Accepted Answer

Type B personality is actually characterized by being relaxed, easy-going, and less competitive. It is the opposite of Type A personality.

Question 8

When the body's resources are gone, the parasympathetic nervous system activates and the individual is in the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system activates during the relaxation or recovery phase after a stress response, not during the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome. The resistance stage is when the body attempts to counteract the physical and psychological stressors through sustained effort of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Question 9

Luís recently moved to the United States, but he has decided to live in a part of Los Angeles that is very similar to his native Philippines. He does not embrace or involve himself in American culture any more than is absolutely necessary. Luís is experiencing marginalization from the majority culture of his new home.

Accepted Answer

The description of Luís indicates that he has chosen to live in a community that is similar to his native culture, rather than being excluded or marginalized from American culture. While he may not embrace American culture, this is a personal choice and does not necessarily indicate marginalization.

Question 10

Concentrative meditation emphasizes focusing the mind on a spot on the wall as a means of clearing the mind and relaxing the body.

Accepted Answer

Concentrative meditation involves focusing attention on a single point of reference, such as a spot on the wall, a mantra, or the breath, to help clear the mind and relax the body.

Question 11

Because Anjelica has difficulty expressing her emotions, even when they are really bothering her, she would be described as having a Type C personality.

Accepted Answer

Typ C personalities are characterized by suppression of emotions, difficulty expressing feelings and a tendency to avoid conflict.

Question 12

Dropping out of school, engaging in fantasy, and using drugs are all examples of withdrawal from frustration.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal from frustration is a psychological response to feeling overwhelmed or unable to cope with a situation. Dropping out of school, engaging in fantasy, and using drugs are all examples of withdrawal from frustration because they provide a temporary escape from the stress and anxiety of the situation.

Question 13

An unpredictable situation is one that is not controllable, which may at least partially explain the stress it causes.

Accepted Answer

An unpredictable situation is one that cannot be fully controlled, which can lead to stress due to the lack of certainty and ability to prepare or plan for the situation.

Question 14

Hurricane Katrina and its various effects on the cities near the Gulf of Mexico are classic examples of what Selye calls hassles.

Accepted Answer

Hurricane Katrina and its effects on the Gulf Coast region would not typically be classified as "hassles" by Selye's definition, as they were large-scale and life-altering events rather than minor, daily stressors.

Question 15

Traffic jams are an example of an internal source of frustration.

Accepted Answer

Traffic jams are considered an external source of frustration because they are outside an individual's control and originate from the environment.

Question 16

Hassles are correlated with increased short-term illnesses such as colds, backaches, and headaches.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that experiencing daily hassles can lead to increased stress levels, which in turn have been linked to increased incidence of short-term illnesses such as colds, backaches, and headaches.

Question 17

Research reveals that there is a relationship between prolonged stress and certain diseases of adaptation such as high blood pressure and ulcers.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that prolonged stress can lead to certain diseases of adaptation such as high blood pressure and ulcers. Stress can also weaken the immune system and make individuals more susceptible to other illnesses.

Question 18

After a particularly rough day at work, during which she got screamed at by her boss, Davinia came home and started yelling at her daughter for not putting her laundry away. This is an example of displaced aggression.

Accepted Answer

Displaced aggression is when someone takes out their frustration or anger on someone or something that is not the actual source of the problem or irritation. In this case, Davinia is displacing her anger from her boss onto her daughter.

Question 19

Once seated at his favorite restaurant, Felipe is torn between ordering a turkey sandwich and ordering a plate of lasagna. He loves both equally, and is struggling to make a choice. Felipe is experiencing an avoidance-avoidance conflict.

Accepted Answer

An avoidance-avoidance conflict occurs when an individual must choose between two undesirable options. In this scenario, Felipe is facing a choice between two desirable options, making it a approach-approach conflict.

Question 20

One of the more serious effects of workplace stress is a condition called burnout.

Accepted Answer

Burnout is a real and serious condition that can be caused by excessive and prolonged stress in the workplace. It is characterized by physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, cynicism and detachment, and a sense of reduced accomplishment and efficacy. It can lead to a range of negative consequences for the individual, such as decreased productivity, absenteeism, and even depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is important for employers and employees to recognize and address workplace stress and burnout to promote well-being and productivity.

Quiz 11: Stress and Health