Question 1

If the most recent theories regarding the capacity of short-term memory are correct, then five sentences __________.
A) should be easier to remember than five words
B) should be as difficult to remember as five words
C) should be more difficult to remember than five words
D) and five words should both be easier to remember than five letters, because the words and sentences both have inherent meaning

Accepted Answer

If the theories on short-term memory are correct, then the capacity of short-term memory is limited to around four items or chunks of information. A sentence is more complex than a word, meaning that it requires more processing and therefore takes up more space in short-term memory. Therefore, it is more difficult to remember five sentences than five words.

Question 2

Working memory is referred to by some theorists as __________ memory.
A) tertiary
B) primary
C) short-term
D) long-term

Accepted Answer

Working memory is often referred to as short-term memory as it is a temporary storage system for information being actively processed.

Question 3

Chunking aids __________.
A) understanding
B) perception
C) retention
D) encoding

Accepted Answer

Chunking refers to breaking down large pieces of information into smaller, more manageable chunks. This can improve retention by making the information easier to encode and remember. While chunking may also aid understanding and perception, these are not the primary goals of the technique.

Question 4

The concept of a house would be stored in __________ memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term
C) eidetic
D) long-term

Accepted Answer

The concept of a house is a long-term memory because it is a general knowledge or fact that has been learned and stored in the brain for a prolonged period. This type of memory is stored in various parts of the brain and can be retrieved consciously or unconsciously. Sensory memory only stores brief impressions of sensory information, short-term memory stores information temporarily, and eidetic memory refers to a rare ability to vividly recall images or sounds from memory.

Question 5

Information that has been transferred out of sensory memory and is considered important enough to enter consciousness moves into __________.
A) long-term memory
B) short-term memory
C) savings
D) either short-term or long-term memory, depending on the level at which it is processed

Accepted Answer

Information that is transferred out of sensory memory and deemed important enters short-term memory, where it is consciously processed and can be further encoded into long-term memory.

Question 6

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through the process of __________.
A) rote rehearsal
B) cueing
C) chunking
D) categorizing

Accepted Answer

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through the process of chunking, which involves breaking down information into smaller, more manageable units and grouping them together. This allows for easier recall and retention in short-term memory. Rote rehearsal involves repeating information over and over again, cueing involves using external cues to trigger memory, and categorizing involves organizing information based on similarities and differences.

Question 7

In which of the following ways are sensory memory and long-term memory similar?
A) Storage in both is essentially permanent.
B) Retrieval from both is immediate.
C) Both have a large capacity.
D) Both make exclusive use of semantic retrieval cues.

Accepted Answer

Both sensory memory and long-term memory have a large capacity. Sensory memory is able to hold a large amount of sensory information for a brief period of time, while long-term memory has the capacity to store a vast amount of information over an extended period of time. However, storage in sensory memory is not permanent and retrieval from long-term memory may not be immediate, depending on the strength of the memory and retrieval cues used. Both sensory and long-term memory also make use of various types of retrieval cues, not exclusively semantic ones.

Question 8

Chunking is a means of __________.
A) immediately forgetting irrelevant details
B) organizing information into meaningful units
C) arranging details into a hierarchy from most important to least important
D) storing long-term memories

Accepted Answer

Chunking involves breaking down information into smaller, more manageable units that are easier to remember. By organizing information into meaningful units, it becomes easier to store and retrieve information from memory.

Question 9

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through what process?
A) chunking
B) categorizing
C) rehearsal
D) cueing

Accepted Answer

Information is grouped into chunks for storage in short-term memory.

Question 10

Why is implicit memory so difficult to study?
A) It does not operate on a conscious level.
B) It is a more recently identified type of memory.
C) It is concerned with the identification of only certain words and objects.
D) People with perfectly intact memories are often the focus of study.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory operates on an unconscious level, making it difficult to study because it cannot be easily accessed or reflected upon.

Question 11

Information in short-term memory is retained __________.
A) for about 60 seconds
B) as long as it is rehearsed
C) for several seconds without rehearsal
D) up to several minutes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Information in short-term memory is retained __________.
A)...

Question 12

The process we use to notice important stimuli and ignore irrelevant stimuli is __________.
A) encoding
B) selective attention
C) masking
D) chunking

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the process of selectively focusing on important stimuli and ignoring irrelevant stimuli. Encoding is the process of converting sensory information into a form that the brain can use. Masking is a technique used to conceal or distort a particular stimulus. Chunking is the process of grouping or organizing information to make it easier to remember.

Question 13

You looked up a friend's address for a letter you wrote. Suddenly the phone rings-wrong number. Even though you were interrupted for only a few seconds, you have forgotten the address. Which memory system failed you?
A) permanent memory
B) long-term memory
C) sensory memory
D) short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is responsible for holding and manipulating information for brief periods of time. Forgetting the address after a few seconds of interruption suggests that the information was only stored in short-term memory and was not transferred to long-term memory for more permanent retention.

Question 14

"Iconic" and "echoic" are to sensory memory as "episodic" and "semantic" are to __________ memory.
A) long-term
B) short-term
C) procedural
D) working

Accepted Answer

Episodic and semantic memory are both types of long-term memory.

Question 15

Information in short-term memory is coded __________.
A) abstractly
B) visually only
C) acoustically only
D) acoustically and visually

Accepted Answer

Information in short-term memory is coded both acoustically and visually. This means that information can be encoded as sounds (acoustically) and as pictures or images (visually). For example, when trying to remember a phone number, one might repeat the numbers to themselves (acoustic) and also visualize the number pad on a phone (visual).

Question 16

The capacity of STM is __________ items.
A) an unlimited number of
B) seven plus or minus two
C) 12
D) 22

Accepted Answer

According to research by George Miller, the capacity of STM is about seven plus or minus two items. This means that on average, people can remember around 5 to 9 items in their STM at a time.

Question 17

Your street address, telephone number, and social security number are stored in __________ memory.
A) numerical
B) short-term
C) long-term
D) sensory

Accepted Answer

Street address, telephone number, and social security number are information that we store for long-term use. Therefore, they are stored in long-term memory. Numerical memory refers to the ability to retrieve specific numbers, such as phone numbers, but it is not a specific type of memory storage. Short-term memory is used to store information for a short amount of time, such as a phone number you need to quickly dial. Sensory memory stores information from our five senses for a very short amount of time, usually less than a second.

Question 18

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory: G O T O Y O U R B E D R O O M
However, if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words, they fit short-term's memory span: Go to your bedroom. This illustrates __________.
A) chunking
B) backward masking
C) verbal coding
D) selective attention

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the memory strategy of chunking, which involves organizing information into meaningful units or chunks. By chunking the letters into words, the information becomes easier to remember and fits within our short-term memory span. Backward masking refers to the presentation of a second stimulus that interferes with the processing of the first stimulus, verbal coding pertains to the process of encoding information into words, and selective attention involves focusing on certain stimuli while ignoring others.

Question 19

The state psychology association has invited teams from all the colleges in the state to compete in a Psych Bowl. The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?
A) long-term memory
B) short-term memory
C) conceptual memory
D) primary memory

Accepted Answer

Information about who founded the first psychology laboratory would be stored in long-term memory, as it is a fact that has been learned and is not part of immediate or short-term memory.

Question 20

Selective attention is the process of __________.
A) storing information
B) representing information
C) selectively noticing stimuli
D) recognizing visual sensations

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on a particular stimulus while filtering out other stimuli. It involves selectively noticing and attending to certain stimuli while ignoring others.

Quiz 6: Memory

If the most recent theories regarding the capacity of short-term memory are correct, then five sentences __________.

Working memory is referred to by some theorists as __________ memory.

Chunking aids __________.

The concept of a house would be stored in __________ memory.

Information that has been transferred out of sensory memory and is considered important enough to enter consciousness moves into __________.

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through the process of __________.

In which of the following ways are sensory memory and long-term memory similar?

Chunking is a means of __________.

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through what process?

Why is implicit memory so difficult to study?

Information in short-term memory is retained __________.

The process we use to notice important stimuli and ignore irrelevant stimuli is __________.

You looked up a friend's address for a letter you wrote. Suddenly the phone rings-wrong number. Even though you were interrupted for only a few seconds, you have forgotten the address. Which memory system failed you?

"Iconic" and "echoic" are to sensory memory as "episodic" and "semantic" are to __________ memory.

Information in short-term memory is coded __________.

The capacity of STM is __________ items.

Your street address, telephone number, and social security number are stored in __________ memory.

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory: G O T O Y O U R B E D R O O M However, if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words, they fit short-term's memory span: Go to your bedroom. This illustrates __________.

The state psychology association has invited teams from all the colleges in the state to compete in a Psych Bowl. The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?

Selective attention is the process of __________.