Question 1

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Jack's accelerated breathing when he and Rose kissed is the __________.
A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CS
D) CR

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's...

Question 2

Josie has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning, that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________ and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.
A) cat food; cupboard door opening
B) kitchen; cat food
C) cupboard door opening; cat food
D) cat food; kitchen

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning needed, which in this case is the cat food because it naturally makes the cats come running as they expect to be fed. The conditioned stimulus is something that a subject learns to respond to over time, which in this case is the cupboard door opening. The cats have learned to associate the sound of the cupboard door with getting fed.

Question 3

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Chanel No. 5 is the __________.
A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CS
D) CR

Accepted Answer

Chanel No. 5 is the conditioned stimulus (CS) because it is a neutral stimulus that, through association with the unconditioned stimulus (the kiss), comes to elicit a conditioned response (accelerated breathing).

Question 4

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?
A) Most classical conditioning requires repeated trials.
B) One trial is usually enough for conditioning to occur.
C) Learning will continue to increase indefinitely.
D) Learning is more effective if trials follow each other very quickly.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning typically involves repeated trials in order for the conditioned response to become established.

Question 5

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Rose's kiss was the __________.
A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CS
D) CR

Accepted Answer

Rose's kiss was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) because it naturally caused Jack's breathing to accelerate without prior conditioning.

Question 6

Josie has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________.
A) cat food
B) cat
C) running of the cats
D) cupboard door opening

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the natural stimulus that triggers an involuntary response without any learning. In this scenario, the cat food is the UCS, because it naturally triggers the cats' response of running to the kitchen, without any prior conditioning.

Question 7

Josie has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.
A) cat food
B) cat
C) running of the cats
D) cupboard door opening

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that triggers a learned response. In this case, it is the sound of the cupboard door opening, which has become associated with the delivery of cat food, leading to the cats coming to the kitchen. The cat food itself (A) is the unconditioned stimulus, as it naturally elicits a response from the cats (hunger). The cats (B) are not a stimulus but the responders to the conditioned stimulus. The running of the cats (C) is also a response, not a stimulus.

Question 8

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the conditioned stimulus?
A) the person lighting the firecrackers
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is the previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) to produce a learned response. In this scenario, the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers is the unconditioned stimulus (US) that elicits the innate response of the children putting their hands over their ears. However, through repeated pairings with the person lighting the firecrackers, the children begin to associate the person with the loud sound and start to anticipate the sound when they see the person approaching the firecracker with a match. Therefore, the person lighting the firecrackers becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits the same response of the children putting their hands over their ears.

Question 9

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?
A) present the tone alone repeatedly
B) present the puff of air alone repeatedly
C) increase the loudness of the tone
D) increase the amount of air that is directed toward the eye

Accepted Answer

Presenting the tone alone repeatedly without the puff of air would allow for the participant to associate the tone with the absence of the air puff, eventually leading to extinction of the blinking response. Option B would only reinforce the blinking response to the tone, while options C and D do not address the issue of the association between the tone and the air puff.

Question 10

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by __________.
A) operant conditioning
B) trial and error
C) classical conditioning
D) shaping

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves pairing a reflex or automatic response with a new stimulus, which can modify instinctive or involuntary behavior. Operant conditioning, trial and error, and shaping are better suited for voluntary behaviors.

Question 11

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?
A) the person lighting the firecrackers
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned response is the natural, automatic response that occurs without any prior learning or conditioning. In this scenario, the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers is the unconditioned stimulus that elicits the unconditioned response of the children putting their hands over their ears. Option D describes this same response, indicating that the children put their hands over their ears in response to the loud explosions of the firecrackers. Options A and B are not correct because the person lighting the firecrackers and the sound made by the firecrackers are not the unconditioned response, but rather the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, respectively. Option C is not correct because it describes a conditioned response, which is a learned response that occurs as a result of conditioning.

Question 12

How does one know that he or she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?
A) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response.
B) The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
C) The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
D) The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is demonstrated when the conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits the conditioned response (CR) on its own, without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Option C is the only choice that reflects this concept. Option A is incorrect because it describes the unconditioned response (UCR) being elicited by the UCS alone, but this is not classical conditioning. Option B is incorrect because it describes the UCS eliciting the CR, which is not a characteristic of classical conditioning. Option D is incorrect because it suggests that the UCR elicits the CR, which is not the case in classical conditioning.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A) A child learns to blink her eyes to the sound of a bell because the ringing of the bell has been followed by a puff of air to the eye.
B) A pigeon learns to peck at a disk in a Skinner box to get food.
C) Rich saw that when Donna banged her fist against a particular vending machine, she got a free soft drink, so now he bangs his fist against that machine when he wants a free soft drink.
D) A monkey learns to escape from a cage.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning a new association between a previously neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus that naturally triggers a response. In this case, the ringing of the bell is the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the puff of air, which elicits the reflexive response of blinking.

Question 14

When Maya opens the closet door to get some dog food, her dog salivates. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?
A) dog food
B) the cat running
C) the sound of the closet door opening
D) the dog

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus in this example is the sound of the closet door opening, as it has become associated with the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (dog food) and now elicits a response (salivation) from the dog.

Question 15

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?
A) the person lighting the firecrackers
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Accepted Answer

The unconditioned stimulus is the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers, as it elicits a natural, automatic response from the children (putting their hands over their ears) without any prior conditioning. The person lighting the firecrackers, the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person approach, and the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode are all either conditioned stimuli or conditioned responses, as they require some form of prior learning or association.

Question 16

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one the organism learns to respond to is the __________.
A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CS
D) CR

Accepted Answer

The CS (conditioned stimulus) is the neutral stimulus that is paired with the UCS (unconditioned stimulus) in order to elicit a conditioned response (CR) from the organism. Through repeated association, the organism learns to respond to the CS alone, even without the presence of the UCS. Therefore, the CS is the element that the organism learns to respond to.

Question 17

In classical conditioning, when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a(n) __________ stimulus.
A) conditioned
B) discriminative
C) higher-order
D) unconditioned

Accepted Answer

The process described refers to classical conditioning, in which a previously neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with a naturally eliciting stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus), eventually leading to the conditioned stimulus eliciting a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus. Therefore, the correct term for the neutral stimulus after this process is a conditioned stimulus.

Question 18

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Jack's faster breathing rate when he smells Chanel No. 5 is the __________.
A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CS
D) CR

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, the UCS (unconditioned stimulus) is a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning needed. The UCR (unconditioned response) is the unlearned response to the unconditioned stimulus. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is the kiss from Jack, and the unconditioned response is the accelerated breathing from Rose. 
The CS (conditioned stimulus) is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually triggers a conditioned response. In this scenario, the conditioned stimulus is the smell of Chanel No. 5, which has been paired with the kiss from Jack. 
The CR (conditioned response) is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. In this scenario, the conditioned response is the accelerated breathing rate from Jack in response to smelling Chanel No. 5, which has been associated with Rose and the kiss. Therefore, the best answer is D, CR.

Question 19

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
A) blinking when air is blown into your eye
B) blinking when you hear your favorite song
C) your favorite song
D) a puff of air to your eye

Accepted Answer

A puff of air to your eye is an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally elicits a reflexive response (blinking) without any prior learning.

Question 20

In classical conditioning, one must pair the __________ before conditioning can occur.
A) UCS and CR
B) UCS and CS
C) CR and CS
D) UCR and CR

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, one must pair the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) with the conditioned stimulus (CS) before conditioning can occur. Therefore, choice B - UCS and CS - is the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect because the conditioned response (CR) is a result of the conditioning process, not a necessary component for pairing. Choice C is incorrect because the CR is a response to the CS, not a necessary component for pairing. Choice D is incorrect because the unconditioned response (UCR) is a natural response to the UCS, not a necessary component for pairing.

Quiz 5: Learning

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Jack's accelerated breathing when he and Rose kissed is the __________.

Josie has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning, that the unconditioned stimulus is the and that the conditioned stimulus is the .

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Chanel No. 5 is the __________.

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is true?

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Rose's kiss was the __________.

Josie has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the __________.

Josie has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Josie knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by __________.

How does one know that he or she has classically conditioned a person or an animal?

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

When Maya opens the closet door to get some dog food, her dog salivates. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one the organism learns to respond to is the __________.

In classical conditioning, when a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, the neutral stimulus eventually elicits a similar response or becomes a(n) __________ stimulus.

Jack and Rose were parked at Lover's Lane. When Jack kissed Rose, his breathing accelerated. Rose always wore Chanel No. 5 when she went out with Jack. Whenever Jack smelled Chanel No. 5, he began to breathe faster. Jack's faster breathing rate when he smells Chanel No. 5 is the __________.

Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ?

In classical conditioning, one must pair the __________ before conditioning can occur.