Question 1

All of the following have been found to be protective against CHD except:
A)antioxidant nutrient supplements.
B)eating 2 fatty fish meals per week.
C)dietary fiber.
D)moderate consumption of alcohol.

Accepted Answer

While eating fatty fish, consuming dietary fiber, and moderate alcohol consumption have been found to have protective benefits against CHD, studies have not shown consistent evidence that antioxidant nutrient supplements have the same protective effects. In fact, some studies have even shown potential harm from high doses of certain antioxidant supplements. Antioxidant nutrient supplements have not been found to have a significant protective effect against CHD. The other options, eating fatty fish, dietary fiber, and moderate alcohol consumption, have all been associated with a reduced risk of CHD.

Question 2

four classic risk factors for CHD are:
A)smoking, high LDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
B)age, gender, family history, and diet.
C)smoking, high HDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
D)age, smoking, diet, and diabetes.

Accepted Answer

The four classic risk factors for CHD are smoking, high LDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes. While some of the other options also include some important factors, they do not include all of the classic risk factors. Smoking, high LDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes are the classic risk factors for developing coronary heart disease. Age, gender, family history, and diet are also important factors, but they are not considered classic risk factors. High HDL cholesterol is actually protective against CHD, not a risk factor.

Question 3

primary blood cholesterol linked to increased CHD risk is:
A)HDL.
B)LDL.
C)triglycerides.
D)VLDL.

Accepted Answer

LDL cholesterol is commonly known as "bad" cholesterol because high levels of LDL can increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). HDL cholesterol is known as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. Triglycerides and VLDL are also types of lipids found in the bloodstream, but they are not the primary targets for CHD prevention and treatment. LDL cholesterol is known as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to the formation of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is known as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the blood and reduces the risk of CHD. Triglycerides and VLDL can also contribute to CHD risk, but LDL cholesterol is the primary blood cholesterol linked to increased risk.

Question 4

the TLC diet for lowering LDL cholesterol levels, saturated fatty acids are restricted to _____% of daily kcalories.
A)7
B)10
C)15
D)22

Accepted Answer

The TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes) diet recommends restricting saturated fatty acids to 7% of daily calories to help lower LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 5

largest contributor of cholesterol in the American diet is:
A)meat.
B)fish.
C)milk.
D)eggs.

Accepted Answer

Eggs are the largest contributor of cholesterol in the American diet due to their high cholesterol content compared to other common foods.

Question 6

TLC diet advocates a cholesterol intake of less than _____ milligrams per day.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400

Accepted Answer

The TLC diet recommends a cholesterol intake of less than 200 milligrams per day as a way to lower overall cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. A and C are too low and may not provide enough nutrients for optimal health, while D is too high and could increase the risk of heart disease. The TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes) diet advocates a cholesterol intake of less than 200 milligrams per day. This is because high cholesterol levels can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The TLC diet also promotes a low intake of saturated and trans fats, and encourages the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following dietary factors raises triglyceride levels?
A)high refined carbohydrate intake
B)low soluble fiber intake
C)high protein intake
D)low fat intake

Accepted Answer

High refined carbohydrate intake can increase the production of triglycerides in the liver, leading to elevated levels in the bloodstream. Consuming excessive amounts of refined carbohydrates, such as sugar and white flour, can contribute to the development of high triglyceride levels. Low soluble fiber intake and high protein intake may also play a role in triglyceride levels, but not as significantly as high refined carbohydrate intake. Low fat intake, on the other hand, may actually lower triglyceride levels. High refined carbohydrate intake is known to increase triglyceride levels in the blood. This is because refined carbohydrates, such as those found in sugary drinks and desserts, stimulate the production of insulin, which can lead to increased triglyceride synthesis in the liver. Low soluble fiber intake and low fat intake may also contribute to elevated triglyceride levels, while high protein intake is not typically associated with this issue.

Question 8

risk of atherosclerosis increases with all of the following except:
A)smoking.
B)exercise.
C)aging.
D)diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Exercise helps to lower the risk of developing atherosclerosis by improving cardiovascular health, promoting healthy cholesterol levels, and reducing inflammation in the body. Smoking, aging, and diabetes, on the other hand, are all known risk factors for atherosclerosis. Exercise has been shown to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis, while smoking, aging, and diabetes all increase the risk.

Question 9

person needing to lower her or his intake of saturated fat should avoid:
A)nuts.
B)baked goods.
C)fish.
D)legumes.

Accepted Answer

Baked goods often contain high amounts of saturated fat, especially those made with butter or lard. Nuts can be high in fat, but they also contain healthy unsaturated fats. Fish and legumes are generally low in saturated fat and can be healthy choices as part of a balanced diet. Baked goods (such as cakes, cookies, and pastries) are often high in saturated fats due to their use of butter, cream, and other sources of animal fats. Therefore, avoiding baked goods can help lower one's intake of saturated fat. Nuts, fish, and legumes can all be part of a healthy diet, but it is important to choose lower-fat options and incorporate them in moderation to keep overall saturated fat intake in check.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true regarding trans fats?
A)They raise LDL levels.
B)They are found in foods made with partially hydrogenated oils.
C)Their intake should be kept as low as possible.
D)They raise HDL levels.

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are known to raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and lower HDL (good) cholesterol levels. They are commonly found in foods made with partially hydrogenated oils, and their intake should be kept as low as possible. Therefore, the statement that trans fats raise HDL levels is not true. Trans fats have been shown to increase LDL levels (the "bad" cholesterol) and decrease HDL levels (the "good" cholesterol). Therefore, option D is not true. Options A, B, and C are all true.

Question 11

order to assess a person's risk for CHD, a complete lipoprotein profile should be obtained every five years beginning at age:
A)20.
B)35.
C)45.
D)50.

Accepted Answer

Current guidelines recommend obtaining a lipid profile every five years starting at age 20 to assess one's risk for CHD. This allows for early detection and implementation of interventions to prevent or manage CHD risk factors. The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that a complete lipoprotein profile should be obtained every five years beginning at age 20. This allows for the early detection and management of risk factors for CHD.

Question 12

Weight loss is associated with all of the following except:
A)a decline in blood pressure.
B)a decrease in LDL cholesterol.
C)an increase in triglycerides.
D)a decrease in insulin resistance.

Accepted Answer

Weight loss is typically associated with improvements in health, including a decline in blood pressure, a decrease in LDL cholesterol, and a decrease in insulin resistance. An increase in triglycerides is not commonly seen with weight loss, but may occur in cases where weight loss is rapid or extreme. Weight loss is typically associated with a decrease in triglycerides, not an increase. The other options listed (A, B, and D) are all commonly associated with weight loss.

Question 13

the TLC diet is adhered to closely, substantial lowering of cholesterol may be seen after:
A)two weeks.
B)three weeks.
C)six weeks.
D)twelve weeks.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, it may take up to six weeks of adhering to the TLC diet to see a substantial lowering of cholesterol levels. According to the TLC (Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes) diet plan developed by the National Institutes of Health, substantial lowering of cholesterol may be seen after six weeks of adhering to the diet. It is important to note that the extent of cholesterol lowering may vary depending on the individual's initial cholesterol levels and adherence to the diet plan.

Question 14

Plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL and are often added to food products such as:
A)margarine.
B)bread.
C)milk.
D)cereal.

Accepted Answer

Margarine is the best choice as it is a common food product that is often fortified with plant stanols and sterols. Bread, milk, and cereal may also be fortified, but not as commonly as margarine.

Question 15

The benefits of eating fish for those who have previously suffered a heart attack include all of the following except:
A)reducing blood clotting.
B)stabilizing heart rhythm.
C)lowering triglyceride levels.
D)lowering LDL levels.

Accepted Answer

Eating fish is known to reduce blood clotting, stabilize heart rhythm, and lower triglyceride levels, but it does not specifically lower LDL cholesterol levels.

Question 16

Clinical trials have shown that a daily intake of _____ grams of fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA combined) taken under the supervision of a physician can lower triglyceride levels.
A)1 to 2
B)2 to 4
C)4 to 6
D)5 to 10

Accepted Answer

Clinical trials have shown that a daily intake of 2 to 4 grams of fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA combined) taken under the supervision of a physician can lower triglyceride levels. Higher doses may increase the risk of bleeding and other side effects, therefore it is important to only take the recommended amount under medical supervision. Clinical trials have shown that a daily intake of 2 to 4 grams of fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA combined) taken under the supervision of a physician can lower triglyceride levels. Going beyond this dosage level can increase the risk of side effects such as bleeding disorders. Therefore, the recommended dosage for reducing triglyceride levels is 2 to 4 grams per day.

Question 17

HDL levels:
A)are highly predictive of CHD risk.
B)are associated with underweight.
C)are not a good predictor of CHD risk.
D)are more prevalent in females.

Accepted Answer

High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are known as "good cholesterol" and are typically associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, they are highly predictive of CHD risk. Low HDL levels have been shown to be a significant risk factor for CHD. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels are often referred to as "good" cholesterol and are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Therefore, higher HDL levels are highly predictive of CHD (coronary heart disease) risk.

Question 18

Which of the following forms of exercise is not considered aerobic activity?
A)cycling
B)weight training
C)stair-stepping
D)cross-country skiing

Accepted Answer

Weight training is anaerobic exercise, meaning it does not rely on oxygen to produce energy. The other options listed (cycling, stair-stepping, and cross-country skiing) are all examples of aerobic activity. Weight training is not considered aerobic activity because it primarily focuses on building muscle strength and size rather than improving cardiovascular endurance.

Question 19

fiber source that may be taken in supplement form to reduce cholesterol levels is:
A)oat fiber.
B)wheat bran.
C)psyllium seed husks.
D)fruit skins.

Accepted Answer

Psyllium seed husks have been shown to effectively lower cholesterol levels and can be conveniently taken in supplement form. Oat fiber and wheat bran can also lower cholesterol, but may be more difficult to consume in supplement form. Fruit skins can provide fiber, but have not been specifically shown to have a significant impact on reducing cholesterol. Psyllium seed husks have been shown to significantly lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels when taken as a supplement. Oat fiber and wheat bran also have cholesterol-lowering properties, but psyllium seed husks have been found to be more effective. Fruit skins contain fiber but are not as effective at reducing cholesterol levels as the other options.

Question 20

TLC diet to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol includes a total fat intake of _____ of daily kcalories.
A)20-25%
B)25-35%
C)35-40%
D)10-15%

Accepted Answer

The Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet recommends that total fat intake should be 25-35% of daily calories to help reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels.

Quiz 22: Fat-Controlled, Mineral-Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

All of the following have been found to be protective against CHD except:

four classic risk factors for CHD are:

primary blood cholesterol linked to increased CHD risk is:

the TLC diet for lowering LDL cholesterol levels, saturated fatty acids are restricted to _____% of daily kcalories.

largest contributor of cholesterol in the American diet is:

TLC diet advocates a cholesterol intake of less than _____ milligrams per day.

Which of the following dietary factors raises triglyceride levels?

risk of atherosclerosis increases with all of the following except:

person needing to lower her or his intake of saturated fat should avoid:

Which of the following is not true regarding trans fats?

order to assess a person's risk for CHD, a complete lipoprotein profile should be obtained every five years beginning at age:

Weight loss is associated with all of the following except:

the TLC diet is adhered to closely, substantial lowering of cholesterol may be seen after:

Plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL and are often added to food products such as:

The benefits of eating fish for those who have previously suffered a heart attack include all of the following except:

Clinical trials have shown that a daily intake of _____ grams of fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA combined) taken under the supervision of a physician can lower triglyceride levels.

HDL levels:

Which of the following forms of exercise is not considered aerobic activity?

fiber source that may be taken in supplement form to reduce cholesterol levels is:

TLC diet to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol includes a total fat intake of _____ of daily kcalories.