Question 1

the possible exception of _____, the vitamin content of the breast milk of a well-nourished mother is ample.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is not present in breast milk in sufficient quantities.

Question 2

Children who eat nutritious breakfasts function better in school than their peers who do not.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who eat a nutritious breakfast perform better academically, have better attendance and are more likely to behave appropriately in school compared to their peers who skip breakfast or eat unhealthy breakfast foods. This is because breakfast provides the body and brain with vital nutrients that are needed for optimal function, including glucose for energy and protein for alertness and focus.

Question 3

Allergic reactions to multiple foods are common, while reactions to single foods are the exception.

Accepted Answer

Allergic reactions to single foods are more common than reactions to multiple foods. Most people with food allergies are allergic to one or a few foods, not many.

Question 4

standard infant formulas are fortified with:

Accepted Answer

Standard infant formulas are fortified with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and arachidonic acid to mimic the levels found in breast milk and support brain and eye development in infants.

Question 5

Children forced to try new foods are less likely to try those foods again than are children who are left to decide for themselves.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that pressuring children to try new foods can create negative associations and increase food aversions. Allowing children to decide for themselves creates a more positive and enjoyable experience with trying new foods.

Question 6

During what period are kcalorie needs per unit of body weight the highest?

Accepted Answer

During infancy, the kcalorie needs per unit of body weight are the highest due to rapid growth and development.

Question 7

infant weighing 7 pounds at birth would normally weigh about _____ pounds at five months of age.

Accepted Answer

Infants double their birth weight by around 5 months, so a baby weighing 7 pounds at birth would weigh about 14 pounds at 5 months old. According to the World Health Organization growth charts, the average weight gain for an infant during the first 5 months is approximately 2 pounds per month. Therefore, an infant weighing 7 pounds at birth would weigh approximately 17 pounds at 5 months of age.

Question 8

The more often a food is presented to a young child, the less likely the child will like that food.

Accepted Answer

Repeated exposure to a new food increases the likelihood that a child will accept and like the food.

Question 9

infant who weighs 8 pounds will require about _____ kcalories per day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of infant who weighs 8 pounds will require...

Question 10

There are factors in breast milk that protect the infant against infection.

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies, immune cells, and other protective factors that provide the infant with protection against infections and illnesses.

Question 11

Restricting dietary sodium causes an immediate drop in most children's and adolescents' blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Restricting dietary sodium can lead to an immediate decrease in blood pressure in most children and adolescents. This is because excess sodium intake can contribute to high blood pressure, particularly in those who are salt-sensitive. However, it is important to note that other factors such as genetics and overall diet also play a role in blood pressure regulation.

Question 12

Recommendations limiting fat and cholesterol are not intended for infants or children under two years of age.

Accepted Answer

Infants and young children require higher amounts of fat and cholesterol in their diets for proper growth and development. Therefore, recommendations for limiting fat and cholesterol intake do not apply to this age group. However, it is important to provide healthy sources of fats, such as those found in breast milk or formula, to support brain and nervous system development. Parents should consult with a pediatrician for guidance on infant and young child nutrition.

Question 13

Teenage boys experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.
Nutrition in Practice - Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. During puberty, boys experience a growth spurt in which they typically gain more height and muscle mass than girls. This is due to the effects of testosterone. However, this does not necessarily mean that boys require more calories than girls overall. Proper nutrition is important for both genders during childhood and adolescence to support healthy growth and development and to prevent the early development of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. This statement is true. During puberty, boys experience a growth spurt accompanied by an increase in lean body mass due to the hormonal changes that occur. Girls, on the other hand, experience a more gradual increase in height and a different pattern of body composition changes.

Question 14

Adult heart disease is a major pediatric problem.

Accepted Answer

The development of heart disease often begins in childhood and adolescence, making it an important issue for pediatric healthcare providers to address. Risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes can all contribute to the development of heart disease later in life. By addressing these risk factors early on in childhood, healthcare providers can help reduce the incidence of adult heart disease. Many risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, begin in childhood. Therefore, preventing and managing these risk factors in childhood can lead to better heart health in adulthood.

Question 15

The problem of obesity is most evident in African American females and in Hispanic children.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that obesity rates are highest among African American females and Hispanic children in the United States. Studies show that African American females and Hispanic children have higher rates of obesity compared to other demographic groups in the United States.

Question 16

Children's food aversions may be the result of nature's efforts to protect them from allergic or other adverse reactions.

Accepted Answer

Some researchers believe that children's innate food preferences and aversions may be influenced by the body's protection against potentially harmful substances, including allergens. For example, a child might develop an aversion to a food that could trigger an allergic reaction or cause digestive problems. This could be seen as a natural defense mechanism to ensure the child avoids potentially harmful foods. However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between food aversions and allergies.

Question 17

A child's appetite begins to diminish around the first birthday.

Accepted Answer

It is common for a child's appetite to decrease after their first birthday as their growth rate slows down. However, it is important for parents to still offer a variety of healthy foods to support their child's nutrition. It is normal for a child's appetite to decrease around their first birthday as their growth rate begins to slow down.

Question 18

A child's brain is not affected by iron deficiency until a blood deficit of this mineral develops.

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency can start affecting the brain's development even before a blood deficit develops. Iron is important for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, myelin formation, and energy metabolism in the brain.

Question 19

Breast milk or infant formula normally provides enough water to replace fluid losses in healthy infants.

Accepted Answer

Breast milk or infant formula contains enough water to replace fluid losses in healthy infants. Additional water is generally not needed unless recommended by a healthcare provider in certain situations, such as hot weather or illness.

Question 20

Children who spend more than one to two hours daily watching television or other media can become obese even while consuming fewer kcalories than more active children.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Studies have shown that sedentary behavior, such as watching television for extended periods, can contribute to weight gain and obesity even if the individual is consuming fewer calories than more active individuals. This is because the lack of physical activity slows down metabolism and reduces the amount of energy expended, leading to an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure. This is true because sedentary behavior such as watching television has been linked with an increased risk of obesity, as it reduces the amount of energy expenditure and can also lead to increased consumption of high-calorie snacks and drinks while sitting.

Quiz 12: Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence