Question 1

Associating oneself with negative group representations because there are no alternative images to identify with is_____.
A) transference
B) disassociation
C) self-stereotyping
D) double consciousness

Accepted Answer

Self-stereotyping occurs when individuals apply negative stereotypes about their own group to themselves, often due to a lack of positive representations or alternatives.

Question 2

In their life history interviews with Latino men, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith found that young men responded to controlling images by using their emotions and attitude to safeguard their sense of self, whereas older men responded by engaging in leadership activities of mentoring and community involvement. Based on this finding, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton- Smith conclude that______________ .
A) Latinos are highly emotional and make good leaders
B) life course stage shapes antiracist strategies
C) their respondents were not affected by controlling images
D) resisting controlling images is futile

Accepted Answer

The conclusion drawn by Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith is that the stage of life (young vs. older) influences the strategies Latino men use to counteract racist stereotypes or controlling images, with younger men using emotional and attitudinal strategies and older men engaging in leadership and community activities.

Question 3

What are some examples of virtual spaces created to allow marginalized groups to engage in self-definition and self-representation? Which of these are intended primarily as "private" spaces for members of marginalized groups and which are intended to increase how visible marginalized groups are to mainstream culture? Why are both types of spaces needed?

Accepted Answer

Some examples of virtual spaces created to allow marginalized groups to engage in self-definition and self-representation include online forums and social media groups specifically for LGBTQ+ individuals, online communities for people of color, and websites dedicated to showcasing the work of artists from marginalized communities.

Some of these virtual spaces are intended primarily as "private" spaces for members of marginalized groups, providing a safe and supportive environment for individuals to connect with others who share similar experiences and identities. These private spaces allow for open and honest discussions without fear of judgment or discrimination.

On the other hand, there are virtual spaces that are intended to increase how visible marginalized groups are to mainstream culture. This can include social media campaigns, online platforms for sharing personal stories and experiences, and digital art galleries featuring the work of marginalized artists. These spaces aim to amplify the voices and experiences of marginalized communities and challenge mainstream narratives and stereotypes.

Both types of spaces are needed because they serve different purposes. Private spaces provide a sense of community and support for marginalized individuals, allowing them to express themselves freely and find solidarity with others who understand their experiences. On the other hand, public spaces help to increase visibility and representation of marginalized groups in mainstream culture, challenging stereotypes and promoting understanding and acceptance. By having both private and public virtual spaces, marginalized groups can find support and empowerment within their communities while also working towards broader social change and inclusion.

Question 4

The youth of the Taqwacore movement disdain Whiteness, which means what to them?
A) They reject the idea that White people can be Muslim.
B) They reject U.S. citizenship and all other forms of belonging in America.
C) They care deeply about skin tone and distance themselves from light-skinned people.
D) They advocate antiracist politics and maintain a critical stance toward Western imperialism and Christian supremacy.

Accepted Answer

The Taqwacore movement, which is a subculture blending punk music and Islam, often includes a critique of Western imperialism and Christian supremacy as part of its antiracist politics. This does not necessarily mean rejecting White Muslims, U.S. citizenship, or focusing on skin tone, but rather advocating for a critical stance towards systemic issues in the West.

Question 5

Media portrayals are powerful sources of information about minority groups because_____.
A) minorities are overrepresented in popular media
B) media stories use archetypes and narratives that speak to the human condition
C) many members of the majority have limited or nonexistent personal contact with minorities, so media serves as a surrogate to personal experience
D) racial and ethnic minorities have fought successfully for the right to set guidelines and provide oversight for how they will be characterized and portrayed in the media

Accepted Answer

Media portrayals often serve as a primary source of information about minority groups for members of the majority who may have limited or no direct personal interactions with those minorities. This can shape perceptions and stereotypes.

Question 6

In the post-9/11 era, hostile attitudes toward Muslims were not confined only to those who practice Islam, but applied more broadly to a range of "Brown" people who were understood to be from a wide geographic area. This is evidence that_____.
A) all foreigners were viewed as potential threats to American safety
B) "Muslim" was a racialized category; that is, it acquired a racial identity
C) Muslims defined their own identity as a group
D) Islam is an open religion

Accepted Answer

The broad application of hostile attitudes toward a range of "Brown" people, regardless of their actual religious affiliation, indicates that "Muslim" became a racialized category. This means that characteristics typically associated with race were attributed to individuals perceived as Muslim, based on their appearance or assumed geographic origin, rather than their actual religious beliefs or practices.

Question 7

In "Race, Gender, and Virtual Inequality," Kishonna Gray suggests that the #BlackLivesMatter social movement is an example of the fact that ____________ .
A) Twitter hashtags have become meaningless
B) liberals do not care about the safety of police officers
C) Black women have historically used their power to empower others
D) when social movements make use of social media, they usually get co-opted to make a profit

Accepted Answer

Gray discusses how Black women have historically utilized their positions and power to empower and uplift others, a theme that aligns with the broader discussions in "Race, Gender, and Virtual Inequality." This is reflected in the support and activism seen within movements like #BlackLivesMatter.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of Black cyberfeminism, as outlined by Kishonna Gray?
A) creating space for women of color to resist controlling images through self-definition
B) interrogating structural inequality through interlocking forms of oppression
C) asserting power and superiority over White society
D) combining intellectualism with activism

Accepted Answer

Black cyberfeminism focuses on empowerment, resistance, and equality rather than asserting power or superiority over any racial group. It aims to address and challenge systemic inequalities and promote self-definition and activism among women of color.

Question 9

In "Talking Back to Controlling Images," Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith define controlling images, explaining that they are_____.
A) positive affirmations of dignity and worth
B) selective and optional tools for self-definition
C) a matter of psychology based in individual feelings
D) cultural instruments of power that are collective and systemic

Accepted Answer

Controlling images are described as cultural instruments of power that are collective and systemic, meaning they are widespread societal beliefs or stereotypes that influence how groups of people are perceived and treated.

Question 10

Does the Internet have the power to dismantle society's dominant structures? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does the Internet have the power to...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a problem Leavitt et al., identify with the representation of Native Americans in media?
A) Most media depictions of Native Americans are historical representations.
B) Media portrayals homogenize Native Americans with "standard" depictions and render invisible hundreds of diverse tribal cultures.
C) Contemporary portrayals show Native Americans in negative stereotypes of poverty and addiction.
D) Young Native Americans are relying too heavily on media for sources of self-identity, when they need to be learning about their tribal heritage.

Accepted Answer

Leavitt et al. focus on issues related to how Native Americans are depicted in media, such as historical representations, homogenization, and negative stereotypes, but do not specifically address the reliance of young Native Americans on media for self-identity as a problem with media representation.

Question 12

By treating them as athletic bodies lacking mental capacity worthy of an education, schools indoctrinate Latino youth with lessons of racial subordination. These lessons are_____.
A) a hidden curriculum that operates as a mode of social control
B) prescribed by state boards of education
C) designed to produce resilience
D) ineffective in shaping behavior

Accepted Answer

The term "hidden curriculum" refers to the lessons that are taught implicitly in schools, beyond the formal curriculum. These lessons can include norms, values, and beliefs about social roles, including racial or ethnic stereotypes. In this context, treating Latino youth as primarily athletic bodies and not as individuals worthy of an educational focus on their mental capacities can be seen as a form of social control, perpetuating racial subordination through a hidden curriculum. Choices B, C, and D do not directly address the concept of a hidden curriculum or its role in reinforcing social hierarchies.

Question 13

The Taqwacore punk rock movement described in Amy McDowell's article "This is for the Brown Kids!" is an example of_____.
A) youth resistance in the face of racialization
B) political mobilization to secure education for immigrants
C) an extremist ideology that seeks to convert disillusioned youth
D) a White supremacist movement that operates under the guise of a freedom movement

Accepted Answer

The Taqwacore punk rock movement is an example of youth resistance in the face of racialization, as it represents a space where young Muslims, often feeling marginalized by both their religious communities and the wider society, express their frustrations and challenge stereotypes through music and culture.

Question 14

Native Americans constitute approximately_____of the U.S. population.
A) 2%
B) 10%
C) 12%
D) 20%

Accepted Answer

Native Americans, including Alaska Natives, make up about 2% of the U.S. population, according to the most recent U.S. Census data.

Question 15

In what ways does the virtual world of the Internet reproduce the power relations of the physical world? How does Black cyberfeminist theory use Internet technologies to challenge these power relations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways does the virtual world...

Question 16

In life history interviews with Latino men, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith found that men felt constrained by controlling images that associated them with _____________ .
A) sex and drugs
B) cars and fashion
C) gangs and sports
D) church and family

Accepted Answer

Gangs and sports are often associated with Latino men in controlling images.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Leavitt et al. say that the quantity and quality of media representations of one's own identity group are important?
A) Seeing themselves on TV makes people happy.
B) Media representation provides a reference point for self-understanding.
C) Media representation helps people develop strategies for how to be a person.
D) Homogenous representations deny group members a variety of atypical identities.

Accepted Answer

Leavitt et al. argue that media representations are important for reasons such as providing a reference point for self-understanding, helping in the development of personal strategies, and offering a variety of identities. The claim that seeing oneself on TV simply makes people happy is not a reason they provide, as their focus is more on the deeper impacts of media representation on identity and self-perception.

Question 18

According to Kishonna Gray, Internet technologies were not created to destroy hegemonic power structures;_____.
A) they can only promote internalized racism, regardless of Black users' intent
B) however, they are useful because they can provide empowerment to marginalized women
C) Black feminists avoid using them, because the Internet is not a welcoming space for Black cultural art forms
D) nonetheless, they have been successfully co-opted by cyberfeminists and now serve as a powerful platform for restructuring patriarchal structures

Accepted Answer

Kishonna Gray argues that while Internet technologies were not initially created to dismantle hegemonic power structures, they can still be useful in empowering marginalized groups, including women.

Question 19

Controlling images of racial groups_____.
A) are impossible to resist
B) always portray groups in a negative light
C) only have to do with race, not gender or class
D) may enlist the cooperation of those who are controlled

Accepted Answer

Controlling images are powerful stereotypes that can shape perceptions and attitudes towards racial groups. These images can be internalized by those who are stereotyped, leading them to sometimes cooperate with or perpetuate these stereotypes, consciously or unconsciously. This does not mean that controlling images are impossible to resist, always negative, or exclusively about race without intersecting with issues of gender or class.

Question 20

The main argument of Leavitt et al.'s "Frozen in Time" is that ________________ .
A) Native Americans are very spiritual and have preserved and held on to traditional ways of life since the 1700s
B) new archaeological evidence has revealed a lot more about how Native Americans lived before Europeans settled in the "New World"
C) the lack of accurate, contemporary media portrayals of Native Americans has negative psychological consequences for their processes of self-identity
D) in spite of many new media portrayals that show Native Americans in contemporary settings and a range of occupations, most Americans still hold very stereotypical views that associate Native Americans with the past

Accepted Answer

The main argument of Leavitt et al.'s "Frozen in Time" is about the negative psychological consequences of the lack of accurate, contemporary media portrayals of Native Americans on their self-identity.

Quiz 4: Intersectionality and Social Change

Associating oneself with negative group representations because there are no alternative images to identify with is_____.

The youth of the Taqwacore movement disdain Whiteness, which means what to them?

Media portrayals are powerful sources of information about minority groups because_____.

In the post-9/11 era, hostile attitudes toward Muslims were not confined only to those who practice Islam, but applied more broadly to a range of "Brown" people who were understood to be from a wide geographic area. This is evidence that_____.

In "Race, Gender, and Virtual Inequality," Kishonna Gray suggests that the #BlackLivesMatter social movement is an example of the fact that ____________ .

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of Black cyberfeminism, as outlined by Kishonna Gray?

In "Talking Back to Controlling Images," Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith define controlling images, explaining that they are_____.

Does the Internet have the power to dismantle society's dominant structures? Why or why not?

Which of the following is NOT a problem Leavitt et al., identify with the representation of Native Americans in media?

By treating them as athletic bodies lacking mental capacity worthy of an education, schools indoctrinate Latino youth with lessons of racial subordination. These lessons are_____.

The Taqwacore punk rock movement described in Amy McDowell's article "This is for the Brown Kids!" is an example of_____.

Native Americans constitute approximately_____of the U.S. population.

In what ways does the virtual world of the Internet reproduce the power relations of the physical world? How does Black cyberfeminist theory use Internet technologies to challenge these power relations?

In life history interviews with Latino men, Vasquez-Tokos and Norton-Smith found that men felt constrained by controlling images that associated them with _____________ .

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Leavitt et al. say that the quantity and quality of media representations of one's own identity group are important?

According to Kishonna Gray, Internet technologies were not created to destroy hegemonic power structures;_____.

Controlling images of racial groups_____.

The main argument of Leavitt et al.'s "Frozen in Time" is that ________________ .