Question 1

The case of flamboyant hedge fund manager and pharmaceutical executive Martin Shkreli, who was convicted in 2017 of defrauding his investors to cover up massive stock losses and then jailed after a Facebook post offering $5,000 for a strand of Hillary Clinton's hair, is a classic example of __________ in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The case of flamboyant hedge fund manager...

Question 2

The 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson is a clear example of a case of ______.

Accepted Answer

The 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson is a clear example of racial bias, as it upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal."

Question 3

To keep up equality, the U.S. Supreme Court has occasionally applied the principle of _______ to its analysis of cases involving criminal sentencing?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court has applied the principle of proportionality to its analysis of cases involving criminal sentencing to ensure that the punishment is not excessively severe in relation to the offense committed, thereby upholding the concept of equality and fairness in the legal system.

Question 4

The agreement between the National Football League (NFL)and thousands of former players who suffered concussive injuries on the gridiron is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

The agreement between the NFL and former players is an example of settlement negotiation, where both parties reached a consensus to resolve the dispute over concussive injuries without going to trial.

Question 5

The case of Tatiana Tarasoff dictates that psychotherapists__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The case of Tatiana Tarasoff dictates that...

Question 6

The expert witness is

Accepted Answer

Expert witnesses are hired by one side in a legal dispute but are expected to provide impartial, objective opinions based on their expertise, rather than advocating for the side that hired them.

Question 7

A police department decides to develop "community watch" groups in some neighborhoods in order to reduce the crime rate. A psychologist is called in to assist the police department in designing and critiquing this innovation. How would we best label this psychologist's role?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is acting as a policy evaluator by assisting in the design and critique of the community watch groups, evaluating the effectiveness of this policy in reducing crime rates.

Question 8

The Daubert decision listed four factors that judges should consider in assessing the validity and subsequent admissibility of the expert's testimony. Which of the following is not one of these four factors?

Accepted Answer

The Daubert decision focuses on the scientific validity and reliability of the expert's testimony rather than the strength of the argument for a particular side.

Question 9

Trial consultants who are members of the American Society of Trial Consultants must adhere to

Accepted Answer

Trial consultants who are members of the American Society of Trial Consultants are required to adhere to practice guidelines developed by the organization, the Code of Ethical Principles, and professional standards, encompassing all the options listed.

Question 10

A psychologist is asked to determine if Project New Chance, a program to help welfare recipients obtain and keep employment, has achieved its goals. How would we best label this psychologist's role?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is acting as a policy evaluator by assessing the effectiveness of Project New Chance in achieving its goals related to employment for welfare recipients.

Question 11

Who are imprisoned at rates five to seven times higher than White Americans due to racial bias in arrests for drug crimes?

Accepted Answer

African Americans are imprisoned at rates five to seven times higher than White Americans due to racial bias in arrests for drug crimes, reflecting systemic inequalities and discrimination within the criminal justice system.

Question 12

Which of the following decisions led to judges acting as gatekeepers who evaluate potential expert testimony using the standards of science?

Accepted Answer

The Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993) decision established the standard for admitting expert testimony in federal courts, requiring judges to act as gatekeepers to ensure that such testimony is both relevant and reliable according to scientific principles.

Question 13

Which of the following would be an activity conducted by a trial consultant?

Accepted Answer

Trial consultants engage in a variety of activities to support legal teams, including conducting community attitude surveys to understand public perceptions, preparing witnesses for testimony, and advising lawyers on effective presentation strategies.

Question 14

According to research, _______________ advances settlement negotiations and reduces the plaintiffs' inclinations to sue.

Accepted Answer

Apologies can advance settlement negotiations and reduce plaintiffs' inclinations to sue by addressing emotional needs and fostering reconciliation.

Question 15

The idea that the law is a social force with consequences for people's well-being, this approach is termed as ______.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic jurisprudence is the concept that law can act as a social force that produces therapeutic or anti-therapeutic outcomes, emphasizing the law's impact on emotional life and psychological well-being.

Question 16

For a person to testify as an expert witness,

Accepted Answer

The judge must agree to admit the testimony for a person to testify as an expert witness. The judge determines whether the proposed expert's testimony is relevant and based on a reliable foundation.

Question 17

Which of the following was implemented to counteract racial biasing while making arrests?

Accepted Answer

Presumptive sentencing was implemented to counteract racial biasing while making arrests. It sets a specific sentence for each crime, which helps to reduce the amount of discretion that judges have in sentencing. This can help to ensure that people of all races are treated fairly by the criminal justice system.

Question 18

The Miranda rule of 1966 guarantees the right to ______.

Accepted Answer

The Miranda rule, established by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1966 in Miranda v. Arizona, guarantees the right to remain silent to avoid self-incrimination during an arrest.

Question 19

What two values were in conflict in the "Unite the Right" Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, 2017?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What two values were in conflict in...

Question 20

One of the justifications given by trial consultants for their methods is that

Accepted Answer

Trial consultants often justify their methods by arguing that their strategies are not fundamentally different from those employed by politicians, who also use various techniques to influence public opinion and outcomes.

Quiz 1: Psychology and the Law: Choices and Roles