Question 1

Probation for juvenile offenders occurs when they are closely monitored by an officer of the court and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration. ​

Accepted Answer

Probation for juvenile offenders indeed involves close monitoring by a court-appointed officer and adherence to specific rules to prevent incarceration, focusing on rehabilitation and preventing future offenses.

Question 2

Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes, called restitution, is the most widely used form of restitution in the United States. ​

Accepted Answer

Restitution is a form of restorative justice that requires offenders to make amends to their victims for the harm they have caused. It is the most widely used form of restorative justice in the United States.

Question 3

Monetary restitution is when the juvenile offender is required to provide some service directly to the crime victim.

Accepted Answer

Monetary restitution involves the juvenile offender paying a sum of money to the victim as compensation for the harm caused, rather than providing a service.

Question 4

A reform school is an example of a secure juvenile correctional facility.

Accepted Answer

Reform schools, also known as juvenile detention centers, are secure facilities designed for the rehabilitation and correction of young offenders, making them a type of secure juvenile correctional facility.

Question 5

Movement toward a community-based treatment approach to juvenile offenders began in Massachusetts.

Accepted Answer

Massachusetts was a pioneer in the movement toward community-based treatment for juvenile offenders, particularly with the deinstitutionalization efforts in the 1970s, which aimed to treat young offenders within their communities rather than in large, distant, and often harsh juvenile institutions.

Question 6

Balanced probation is based on the idea that juvenile offenders must take responsibility for their actions.

Accepted Answer

Balanced probation emphasizes accountability of juvenile offenders for their actions, along with community safety and competency development, aiming for a more holistic approach to juvenile justice.

Question 7

A probation sentence implies a contract between the court and the juvenile.

Accepted Answer

A probation sentence indeed implies a contract between the court and the juvenile, where the juvenile agrees to comply with certain conditions in lieu of incarceration or other penalties.

Question 8

The national custody rate of African Americans is nearly five times higher than the custody rates for Whites.

Accepted Answer

African Americans are incarcerated at a rate approximately five times higher than that of white Americans, reflecting significant racial disparities in the U.S. criminal justice system.

Question 9

Most juveniles are housed in private institutions administered by private agencies.

Accepted Answer

Most juveniles are housed in public institutions administered by state or local government agencies, not private ones.

Question 10

Facilities for female juvenile offenders generally are better run and offer more opportunities and freedoms than those of male institutions. ​

Accepted Answer

Facilities for female juvenile offenders often have fewer resources, opportunities, and specialized programs compared to those for male offenders, reflecting broader systemic inequalities within the juvenile justice system.

Question 11

Most status offenders are housed in private institutions.

Accepted Answer

Most status offenders are housed in public institutions, not private institutions.

Question 12

Most juvenile offenders diagnosed with a mental disorder receive treatment.

Accepted Answer

Despite high rates of mental health issues among juvenile offenders, many do not receive the necessary treatment while in the juvenile justice system due to various systemic, resource, and policy limitations.

Question 13

The arresting officer is involved in all four stages of the court process and writes the predisposition report.

Accepted Answer

The arresting officer is involved in the initial stages of the court process, primarily the arrest and sometimes in the investigation leading to prosecution, but does not write the predisposition report. The predisposition report is typically prepared by a probation officer or a social worker after a defendant has been found guilty, to help the judge decide on the sentencing.

Question 14

Probation orders are the rules and regulations mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Probation orders are the rules and regulations...

Question 15

Crime as an offense against human relationships is one of the seven core values of restorative justice.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior, and it views crime primarily as an offense against human relationships, focusing on the needs of the victims, the community, and the offenders themselves.

Question 16

The least restrictive alternative doctrine stipulates that programs should be chosen with the least restrictive setting that would still be in the best interest of the child. ​

Accepted Answer

The least restrictive alternative doctrine is a principle in law and social services that mandates selecting the option that imposes the least restrictions on an individual's freedom while still achieving the desired outcome, such as in the context of choosing programs or settings for a child's welfare.

Question 17

Probation is a punitive legal disposition for delinquent youths.

Accepted Answer

Probation is a form of legal supervision in the community, not a punitive disposition, aimed at rehabilitating and monitoring individuals, including delinquent youths, rather than punishing them through confinement.

Question 18

Highly structured counseling in which a therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive adjustment to society is called reality therapy. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Highly structured counseling in which a therapist...

Question 19

Passive electronic systems monitor the offender by continuously sending a signal back to the central office.

Accepted Answer

Passive electronic systems do not continuously send a signal; they typically record the presence or absence of a person at a base unit at specific times, unlike active systems which continuously monitor and send information about the offender's location.

Question 20

Evaluations of electronic monitoring show that recidivism rates are much lower in electronic monitoring programs than in traditional programs.

Accepted Answer

Studies on electronic monitoring programs have shown mixed results regarding their effectiveness in reducing recidivism rates. Some research suggests modest reductions in recidivism, while other studies find little to no difference when compared to traditional supervision methods. The effectiveness often depends on various factors including the nature of the program, the population being monitored, and how the technology is implemented and integrated with other support services.

Quiz 16: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community-Treatment, and Institutionalization