Question 1

Water-soluble vitamins are readily stored in the liver.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins B and C) are not readily stored in the body to a significant extent and are excreted in the urine when consumed in excess, unlike fat-soluble vitamins which can be stored in the liver and fat tissues.

Question 2

Any disease that causes _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for their absorption in the intestine. Therefore, any disease that impairs fat absorption can lead to deficiencies of these vitamins.

Question 3

_____ is the active form of vitamin A that is stored in specialized cells of the liver.

Accepted Answer

Retinol is the active form of vitamin A that is stored in the liver. It plays a crucial role in vision, growth, cell division, reproduction, and immunity.

Question 4

People who are lactose intolerant require calcium supplements.

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and other dairy products. This can lead to symptoms such as gas, bloating, and diarrhea. However, lactose intolerance does not affect the body's ability to absorb calcium. In fact, dairy products are a good source of calcium. Therefore, people who are lactose intolerant do not require calcium supplements.

Question 5

Vitamin D deficiency in children causes rickets, which manifests as bowed legs.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency leads to impaired bone mineralization, causing rickets in children, which is characterized by softening and weakening of the bones, often resulting in bowed legs.

Question 6

Water-soluble vitamins:

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in the body and are easily excreted in the urine, making them less likely to cause toxicities. They can be lost in cooking water and are often sensitive to heat and oxygen.

Question 7

The most familiar function of vitamin A is to sustain normal eyesight.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining normal vision, especially in low light conditions, and it plays a significant role in the health of the retina.

Question 8

Vitamin K is a water-soluble vitamin.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, not water-soluble.

Question 9

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except :

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is water-soluble, not fat-soluble. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat-soluble.

Question 10

Which of the following is a vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue?

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A (retinol) and is found in plants. It is converted to vitamin A in the body and stored in fat tissue.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of carotenoids?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found in plants, and they range in color from yellow to reddish-orange. These pigments are important for plant health and also have health benefits for humans, including acting as antioxidants.

Question 12

Compounds that prevent oxidation are called prooxidants.

Accepted Answer

Compounds that prevent oxidation are called antioxidants, not prooxidants. Prooxidants, on the other hand, promote oxidation.

Question 13

All of the following foods contain vitamin A except :

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is found in a variety of foods, including fortified cereal, milk, liver, and fish oils, as these are rich sources of either preformed vitamin A (like in animal products) or provitamin A carotenoids (found in some plant-based foods). French fries, however, are typically made from potatoes which are not a significant source of vitamin A, making them the correct choice for a food item that does not contain this vitamin.

Question 14

By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except :

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to function properly, but they do not provide calories. Caloric nutrients are those that provide energy, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 15

Vitamin A plays an important role in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vitamin A plays an important role in:
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Question 16

People whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of developing:

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene is a type of vitamin A that is crucial for maintaining healthy vision. A deficiency in beta-carotene can lead to macular degeneration, a condition that affects the retina and can result in vision loss.

Question 17

Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:

Accepted Answer

Night blindness is a well-known symptom of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining healthy vision, especially in low-light conditions. Other symptoms of deficiency can include dry eyes and more severe eye conditions if left untreated.

Question 18

A compound that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Provitamin refers to a substance that can be converted into a vitamin by the body, thus contributing to the nutritional supply of that vitamin.

Question 19

Healthy individuals can consume vitamin A-rich foods in large quantities, but excessive consumption of _____ causes vitamin A toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Liver, especially from certain animals like polar bears, seals, and huskies, contains extremely high levels of vitamin A. Consuming large amounts of liver can lead to vitamin A toxicity, unlike most other foods that contain vitamin A in lower concentrations.

Question 20

Infants are born with adequate vitamin K in their intestinal tracts.

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with limited vitamin K stores and an immature intestinal flora, which is insufficient for producing adequate amounts of vitamin K. This is why vitamin K injections at birth are recommended to prevent bleeding disorders.

Quiz 7: The Vitamins