Question 1

Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the _____ in determining behavior.

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Question 2

Personality tests can be divided into two broad categories, _____ inventories that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior and _____ tests in which participants respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects' needs, feelings, and personality traits.

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Question 3

According to Carl Rogers, people with highly _____ self-concepts are especially likely to be plagued by recurrent anxiety.

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Question 4

According to Hans Eysenck, personality is determined largely by a person's _____.

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Question 5

In the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in _____ tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable.

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Question 6

Carl Jung proposed the existence of the _____, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; Alfred Adler emphasized how people strive for _____ to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.

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Question 7

According to the evolutionary approach to personality, humans have evolved special sensitivity to variations in the ability to cooperate and collaborate with others, which is closely associated with the Big Five personality trait of _____.

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Question 8

Asian and American conceptions of the self differ in that American parents foster a(n) _____ view of self while Asian parents foster a more _____ view of self.

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Question 9

In explaining why Lydia is cheerful, conscientious, and willing to share, a psychologist who took an observational learning perspective toward personality development would consider Lydia's _____.

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Question 10

Janine has extremely strong moral standards. However, whenever she fails to live up to the high standards she sets for herself, she becomes overwhelmed by feelings of guilt. Freud would MOST likely suggest that Janine's personality is dominated by her _____.

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Question 11

When researchers manipulate _____, they ask subjects to briefly think about their own death.

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Question 12

Inga keeps distressing thoughts and feelings buried. According to Sigmund Freud, she is using _____ to ward off anxiety.

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Question 13

The Oedipal complex, of such great importance in Freud's thinking, occurs during the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

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Question 14

List and describe the three components into which Freud divided the personality, and indicate how these are distributed across three levels of awareness.

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Question 15

The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth and unique human qualities is _____.

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Question 16

The concept of personality is used to explain the _____ in a person's behavior over time and the _____ among people reacting to the same situation.

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Question 17

_____'s followers view personality as a collection of response tendencies that are shaped by learning and tied to specific stimulus situations.

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Question 18

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the _____ needs are considered to be the most basic and the first priority.

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Question 19

Explain what is meant by a personality trait, and describe the five-factor model of personality.

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Question 20

_____ often leads people to assert that "I knew it all along" in discussing outcomes they did not actually predict.

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Quiz 11: Personality