Question 1

While Freud might explain an individual's depression by focusing on the person's unconscious thoughts, a physiological psychologist might focus instead on a chemical imbalance in the brain. This difference in explanations BEST illustrates the text's unifying theme that ​

Accepted Answer

The difference in explanations between Freud's focus on unconscious thoughts and a physiological psychologist's focus on chemical imbalances illustrates the theoretical diversity within psychology, showing that there are multiple perspectives and theories to explain behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

Accepted Answer

James's argument highlights the theme that our experience of the world is highly subjective, emphasizing that individual perceptions of the same stimulus can vary significantly. This underscores the subjective nature of human experience and perception.

Question 3

Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective? ​

Accepted Answer

Researchers in psychology address the subjectivity of experiences by consistently applying the scientific method, which includes objective observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand psychological phenomena.

Question 4

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that ​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Escher's belief that psychological disorders may develop due to a combination of inherited predispositions and stressful events reflects the idea that both genetic factors and personal experiences (environmental factors) interact to shape behavior. This is known as the gene-environment interaction model.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate? ​

Accepted Answer

C is the least accurate because there is significant diversity in behavior among members of the same culture due to individual differences, subcultures, and other factors.

Question 6

Dr. Scarply believes that if all violent programming was banned, aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear. This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that ​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Scarply's belief that banning violent programming would almost completely eliminate aggressive behavior overlooks the complexity of human behavior, which is influenced by a variety of factors including genetics, environment, cultural background, and individual experiences. This perspective is inconsistent with the view that behavior is determined by multiple causes, as it simplifies aggression to a single cause related to media exposure.

Question 7

Which of the following is the BEST advice for developing sound study habits? ​

Accepted Answer

Planning your study schedule in advance helps in managing time effectively, ensuring that adequate time is allocated for each subject or task, leading to better preparation and reduced stress.

Question 8

In the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Wundt attempted to shape the new discipline of psychology along the lines of physics, because in his era, physics was admired as a "model" science. Wundt's attempt to imitate physics illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

Accepted Answer

Wundt's attempt to model psychology after physics reflects the influence of the sociohistorical context on the development of psychology. In his era, physics was seen as the pinnacle of scientific achievement, which influenced his approach to shaping psychology as a science.

Question 9

The fact that Princeton students "saw" Dartmouth students engage in twice as many infractions as the Dartmouth students did in a Princeton-Dartmouth football game is MOST consistent with ​

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon illustrates the subjectivity of perception, where individuals' interpretations of events are influenced by their biases and affiliations, in this case, their loyalty to their own university.

Question 10

In everyday life, people usually think of a behavior as having _____, whereas psychology views behavior as having _____.

Accepted Answer

Psychology recognizes that behavior is complex and often results from multiple causes, whereas in everyday thinking, people might simplify behavior to a single cause.

Question 11

That people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" BEST reflects the text's unifying theme that

Accepted Answer

The theme that people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" suggests that individuals' perceptions of the world are influenced by their desires, expectations, or preconceived notions, making their experiences subjective rather than purely objective or empirical.

Question 12

The text's unifying theme that "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the   _____ issue.

Accepted Answer

The "nature versus nurture" issue directly addresses the debate over the relative contributions of genetics (heredity) and environment to individual behavior, making it the correct term for describing how both factors jointly influence behavior.

Question 13

A scientist uses _____ to explain a set of observations.

Accepted Answer

A theory is used by scientists to explain a set of observations, as it provides a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence and reasoning.

Question 14

James and Brooks are at a baseball game cheering for opposite teams. When a runner is thrown out at first, James cheers the great call, while Brooks boos and yells that the umpire is blind. This reflects the unifying theme that

Accepted Answer

James and Brooks have different reactions to the same event because their experiences and interpretations are subjective, influenced by their support for opposing teams.

Question 15

Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms refer to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses the shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms within a group or society, defining how its members view the world and interact within it.

Question 16

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that ​

Accepted Answer

The statement "psychology is theoretically diverse" suggests that in the field of psychology, there are multiple theories or perspectives that can be used to understand and interpret observations. This diversity in theoretical approaches means that a single set of observations can be explained in different ways, depending on the theoretical lens through which it is viewed. This does not imply a lack of focus on empirical observations (A), that observations are unrelated (C), or that psychology is failing as a science (D).

Question 17

In the 1920s, there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

Accepted Answer

The disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology during the 1920s illustrate the theme that psychology is theoretically diverse, as different theories and perspectives were being developed and debated.

Question 18

Roger and Lydia met for a blind date. Roger had been told by his best friend that Lydia was charismatic and vivacious. During their date Lydia was friendly, but she was also quite shy and didn't initiate much of the conversation. Still, Roger thinks that Lydia is one of the most exciting people that he has met, and he can't wait to see her again. Roger's reaction to his date with Lydia shows that ​

Accepted Answer

Roger's perception of Lydia as exciting despite her shyness illustrates the subjectivity of human experience, showing how personal interpretations can differ from objective observations.

Question 19

A multifactorial approach to explaining your performance in a course would MOST likely focus on ​

Accepted Answer

A multifactorial approach involves considering multiple factors that can influence an outcome. In the context of explaining performance in a course, this would include both personal factors (such as effort, intelligence, and motivation) and situational factors (such as teaching quality, class environment, and resource availability).

Question 20

According to research, if you are led to believe that you are going to hear a lecture given by a warm and friendly instructor, you ​

Accepted Answer

This is due to the expectancy effect, where preconceived notions or expectations about a person or situation can influence one's perception of them. If you expect the instructor to be warm and friendly, you're more likely to perceive them that way, regardless of their actual behavior.

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Psychology

While Freud might explain an individual's depression by focusing on the person's unconscious thoughts, a physiological psychologist might focus instead on a chemical imbalance in the brain. This difference in explanations BEST illustrates the text's unifying theme that

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective?

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that

Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate?

Dr. Scarply believes that if all violent programming was banned, aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear. This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that

Which of the following is the BEST advice for developing sound study habits?

In the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Wundt attempted to shape the new discipline of psychology along the lines of physics, because in his era, physics was admired as a "model" science. Wundt's attempt to imitate physics illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes?

The fact that Princeton students "saw" Dartmouth students engage in twice as many infractions as the Dartmouth students did in a Princeton-Dartmouth football game is MOST consistent with

In everyday life, people usually think of a behavior as having _, whereas psychology views behavior as having _.

That people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" BEST reflects the text's unifying theme that

The text's unifying theme that "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the _____ issue.

A scientist uses _____ to explain a set of observations.

James and Brooks are at a baseball game cheering for opposite teams. When a runner is thrown out at first, James cheers the great call, while Brooks boos and yells that the umpire is blind. This reflects the unifying theme that

Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms refer to which of the following?

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

In the 1920s, there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

A multifactorial approach to explaining your performance in a course would MOST likely focus on

According to research, if you are led to believe that you are going to hear a lecture given by a warm and friendly instructor, you

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Psychology

While Freud might explain an individual's depression by focusing on the person's unconscious thoughts, a physiological psychologist might focus instead on a chemical imbalance in the brain. This difference in explanations BEST illustrates the text's unifying theme that ​

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective? ​

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that ​

Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate? ​

Dr. Scarply believes that if all violent programming was banned, aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear. This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that ​

Which of the following is the BEST advice for developing sound study habits? ​

In the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Wundt attempted to shape the new discipline of psychology along the lines of physics, because in his era, physics was admired as a "model" science. Wundt's attempt to imitate physics illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

The fact that Princeton students "saw" Dartmouth students engage in twice as many infractions as the Dartmouth students did in a Princeton-Dartmouth football game is MOST consistent with ​

In everyday life, people usually think of a behavior as having _____, whereas psychology views behavior as having _____.

That people sometimes see what they either "want to see" or "expect to see" BEST reflects the text's unifying theme that

The text's unifying theme that "heredity and environment jointly influence behavior" is often referred to as describing the _____ issue.

A scientist uses _____ to explain a set of observations.

James and Brooks are at a baseball game cheering for opposite teams. When a runner is thrown out at first, James cheers the great call, while Brooks boos and yells that the umpire is blind. This reflects the unifying theme that

Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, and norms refer to which of the following?

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that ​

In the 1920s, there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

A multifactorial approach to explaining your performance in a course would MOST likely focus on ​

According to research, if you are led to believe that you are going to hear a lecture given by a warm and friendly instructor, you ​

While Freud might explain an individual's depression by focusing on the person's unconscious thoughts, a physiological psychologist might focus instead on a chemical imbalance in the brain. This difference in explanations BEST illustrates the text's unifying theme that

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective?

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that

Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate?

Dr. Scarply believes that if all violent programming was banned, aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear. This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that

Which of the following is the BEST advice for developing sound study habits?

In the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Wundt attempted to shape the new discipline of psychology along the lines of physics, because in his era, physics was admired as a "model" science. Wundt's attempt to imitate physics illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes?

The fact that Princeton students "saw" Dartmouth students engage in twice as many infractions as the Dartmouth students did in a Princeton-Dartmouth football game is MOST consistent with

In everyday life, people usually think of a behavior as having _, whereas psychology views behavior as having _.

The text's unifying theme that "psychology is theoretically diverse" implies that

In the 1920s, there were many fundamental disputes between competing schools of thought in psychology. These disputes illustrate which of the textbook's unifying themes?

A multifactorial approach to explaining your performance in a course would MOST likely focus on

According to research, if you are led to believe that you are going to hear a lecture given by a warm and friendly instructor, you