Question 1

Baby Bonita is eight months old. Which of the following motor activities is she most likely to be involved in?

Accepted Answer

At eight months old, babies are typically developing crawling skills. This is a common motor activity for infants at this stage, as they are learning to move around independently but are not yet walking or standing without support.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is located above the medulla in the brain.

Question 3

The medulla_______.

Accepted Answer

The medulla is a part of the brainstem that connects the spinal cord to higher levels of the brain, playing a crucial role in transmitting signals between the brain and the spinal cord. It controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of an infant's brain?

Accepted Answer

An infant's brain grows rapidly in the first year, reaching about 70% of its adult weight by the age of one year.

Question 5

Physical development is similar to motor development in that _______.

Accepted Answer

Physical and motor development both follow the cephalocaudal (head to toe) and proximodistal (center outward) patterns, as well as the principle of differentiation, where development moves from simple to more complex behaviors and functions.

Question 6

Elsa is a one-year-old infant. Her mother notices that while playing in the garden, Elsa often picks up tiny insects and worms by making a tight fist. A few months before, she had only been able to pat the insects and not pick them up as they were so tiny. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Elsa's ability to pick up tiny insects and worms by making a tight fist is an example of a pincer grasp, which is a developmental milestone where infants learn to use their thumb and forefinger to pick up small objects. This skill typically develops around 9 to 12 months of age.

Question 7

Juan, a three-year-old baby, fell from his bed and ever since has had poor limb, and eye control. He also finds it difficult to hold his toys. Which part of Juan's brain is most likely to be damaged?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, including balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity. Damage to the cerebellum can lead to issues with limb and eye control, as well as difficulties in performing precise movements, such as holding toys, which matches Juan's symptoms.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of locomotive development in infants?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 9

Maggie, an infant, is holding a toy clumsily, using only her fingers and palm. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

An ulnar grasp is when an infant holds an object clumsily using their fingers and palm, which is typical of early motor development.

Question 10

Infants can transfer objects back and forth between hands by the age of _____.

Accepted Answer

Infants typically develop the ability to transfer objects from one hand to the other between the ages of four to six months. This skill is part of their motor development and coordination improvement.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the growth spurts of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The first major growth spurt of the brain occurs during the fourth and fifth months of prenatal development, primarily due to the formation of neurons.

Question 12

In the context of the ability of neonates to lift and hold their torsos and heads, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Neonates have limited neck muscle strength and can move their heads slightly to the side, but they cannot hold their heads up well without support.

Question 13

Dennis is four months old. He holds his toys between his fingers and palm when he plays with them. He does not use his thumb even after his mother shows him how to hold something the right way. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Dennis is displaying an ulnar grasp, which is typical for infants around his age. This grasp involves holding objects with the fingers and the palm but not using the thumb, which is developmentally appropriate for a four-month-old.

Question 14

Infants can hold objects in each hand and inspect them in turn by the age of _____.

Accepted Answer

By the age of eleven months, infants have developed enough to hold objects in each hand and inspect them in turn, showcasing their growing motor skills and cognitive abilities.

Question 15

Samson is a seven-year-old boy. He always gets poor grades in school. His language teacher complains that he does not remember anything that she teaches and he speaks in an incoherent manner. If Samson's condition is caused by brain damage, which part of the brain is his physician most likely to check first?

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is responsible for cognitive functions such as memory, speech, and the ability to understand language. Damage to the cerebrum can lead to difficulties in these areas, which aligns with Samson's symptoms of poor memory and incoherent speech.

Question 16

Raymond, a one-year-old infant, loves playing with his rattle. He holds it in his hand by making a tight fist and shakes it vigorously. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Raymond, a one-year-old infant, loves playing with...

Question 17

Compared to infants' brains, adults' brains ______.

Accepted Answer

Adults' brains have fewer connections among neurons compared to infants' brains because, over time, the brain prunes away neural connections that are not used frequently, a process that helps to make the functioning of the brain more efficient.

Question 18

Stereotyped reflexes among neonates are primarily due to ________.

Accepted Answer

Stereotyped reflexes in neonates are primarily due to the myelination of motor pathways, which enhances the efficiency and speed of nerve impulse transmission, allowing for these automatic movements.

Question 19

Baby Marla's brain cannot control her heartbeat and respiration. Which part of her brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, controls involuntary functions such as heartbeat and respiration. Damage to this area would impair these vital functions.

Question 20

Which of the following actions require visual-motor coordination?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary reaching and grasitating involves the integration of visual information with motor actions, requiring visual-motor coordination.

Quiz 4: Infancy: Physical Development