Question 1

Paul is a six-month-old baby who loves playing with his toy truck. Every time he picks his truck up, he says "ooh," and every time he drops it back on the floor he says "aah." In this scenario, Paul is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paul is a six-month-old baby who loves...

Question 2

It has been demonstrated that, from age to age, individual differences in capacity for visual recognition memory _______.

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology and cognitive science has shown that individual differences in capacity for visual recognition memory tend to be stable over time. This means that people who are good at visual recognition tasks tend to remain good at them as they age, and those who are not as skilled tend to remain less skilled, without dramatic increases or decreases in ability.

Question 3

One-month-old babies, as parents are well aware, have an unlearned but highly effective form of verbal expression that is _____.

Accepted Answer

Crying is an unlearned form of verbal expression that one-month-old babies use effectively to communicate their needs and discomforts. Babbling and cooing are developmental milestones that typically occur later, and humming is not a primary form of communication for infants.

Question 4

When infants babble, they tend to produce _________.

Accepted Answer

Babbling in infants typically involves the production of repetitive syllables that include both consonants and vowels, not forming coherent sentences but practicing speech sounds.

Question 5

Higher visual recognition scores in infancy are related to ______.

Accepted Answer

Higher visual recognition scores in infancy are associated with higher IQ scores in later childhood, as both involve cognitive processing abilities.

Question 6

Which of the following is used in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development include a behavior rating scale that assesses the infant's behavior during the test session, providing insights into the child's developmental status.

Question 7

Cooing and babbling do not represent objects or actions, but are rather ______.

Accepted Answer

Cooing and babbling are considered prelinguistic vocalizations because they occur before the development of language and do not represent specific objects or actions. They are foundational to language development.

Question 8

Which of the following infants is illustrating the presence of visual recognition memory?

Accepted Answer

Pierce demonstrates visual recognition memory by showing a preference for looking at a new person over a familiar one, indicating he recognizes and differentiates between familiar and unfamiliar faces.

Question 9

Jim tells his son, "Wear your shoes when you go outside to play." Jim's son cannot produce a sentence like this, but he completely understands his dad and goes to put his shoes on before going outside to play. The fact that Jim's son understands this statement suggests that the words in the sentence fall into his _____.

Accepted Answer

Receptive vocabulary refers to the words we understand, even if we cannot actively use them in speech or writing. Since Jim's son understands the instruction but cannot produce a similar sentence, the words fall into his receptive vocabulary.

Question 10

Infants use their tongues most often when they _______.

Accepted Answer

Infants use their tongues most often when they cry. Crying is a way for infants to communicate their needs, such as hunger, pain, or discomfort. When they cry, their tongues help to create the sound of crying.

Question 11

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds. After this, one of the objects is replaced and the infant spends more time looking at the new object. Which of the following processes does this represent?

Accepted Answer

This behavior demonstrates visual recognition memory, as the child recognizes the new object as different from the one previously observed and therefore spends more time looking at it. This indicates the child's ability to remember and recognize visual stimuli.

Question 12

Which of the following refers to patterns of rising and falling vocalizations that infants use to resemble the sounds of adult speech?

Accepted Answer

Intonation refers to the variation in pitch while speaking, which in the context of infant speech development, describes the patterns of rising and falling vocalizations that mimic the rhythm and pitch changes of adult speech.

Question 13

In a continuing effort to find aspects of intelligence and cognition that might remain consistent from infancy through later childhood, a number of researchers have recently focused on _____.

Accepted Answer

Visual recognition memory is a cognitive ability that can be measured in infancy and has been found to correlate with later cognitive development, making it a focus for researchers studying consistency in intelligence and cognition.

Question 14

Infants begin cooing _______.

Accepted Answer

Infants typically begin cooing around the age of two months as part of their early vocal development.

Question 15

Which of the following rating scales in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses attention span?

Accepted Answer

The behavior rating scale in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses several aspects of a child's behavior, including attention span, among other factors like orientation/engagement and emotional regulation.

Question 16

Larry is talking to his ten-month-old son. He wants his son to call him "daddy" and he keeps repeating the word "daddy" to his son. He is delighted when his son responds with "dada." In this scenario, Larry's son is ________.

Accepted Answer

Larry's son is babbling, which is a stage in language development where infants produce repetitive syllables, such as "dada," that do not have specific meanings but are precursors to actual words.

Question 17

Which of the following sentences is true about receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

Children's receptive vocabulary, which includes the words they can understand, typically develops faster than their expressive vocabulary, the words they can use. This is because understanding language (receptive) is generally easier and occurs earlier than being able to produce language (expressive).

Question 18

Infants coo when they are _____.

Accepted Answer

Infants typically coo as a sign of contentment or happiness, often when they are in a relaxed state, feeling safe, and engaging with their caregivers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a similarity between cooing and babbling?

Accepted Answer

Cooing and babbling are early stages of language development in infants that do not represent specific objects or actions. They are more about practicing vocalization and exploring sounds.

Question 20

Jay is a 12-month-old infant. He often starts making sounds like "ha-ba-ba-ba-ba-ha." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is the repetition of sounds, words, or phrases, which is a normal stage in language development for infants and toddlers. Jay's repetition of sounds like "ha-ba-ba-ba-ba-ha" is an example of this.

Quiz 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development