Question 1

Which of the following is a similarity between benign tumors and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Both benign and malignant tumors are characterized by the uncontrollable growth of cells. However, benign tumors do not invade surrounding tissues or form metastases, unlike malignant tumors.

Question 2

Mark is 50 years old, and he enjoys his work as a car mechanic. Lately, he has been finding it difficult to focus on the intricate interiors of the engine. Mark is most likely suffering from _______.

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is a common condition that occurs typically in middle and older age, where the eye's lens loses its flexibility, making it hard to focus on close objects. This would affect Mark's ability to see the intricate details of engine interiors.

Question 3

Which of the following is the basic fuel and energy source for cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the primary energy source for cells, serving as a crucial fuel in cellular respiration to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following is a measure of the health of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A baseline electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart and is used to assess its health and function.

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the three leading causes of death in early adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in early adulthood, along with accidents and homicide.

Question 6

Which of the following tests is used to screen women for breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A mammogram is a specific type of breast imaging that uses low-dose x-rays to detect cancer early – before women experience symptoms – when it is most treatable.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is accurate about physical development during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, individuals often experience a decrease in lung capacity due to the natural aging process, and an increase in body mass index (BMI) can occur due to a decrease in basal metabolic rate and changes in physical activity levels.

Question 8

Bertha is a 50-year-old woman who has enjoyed excellent vision throughout her life. Lately, she has found it difficult to read. She has also found it hard to differentiate between her many pairs of earrings. Wearing reading glasses has helped to a great extent. In this scenario, Bertha is most likely suffering from _____.

Accepted Answer

Bertha's symptoms are indicative of presbyopia, a common condition associated with aging where the eye's lens loses its flexibility, making it difficult to focus on close objects. This condition is consistent with her age and the improvement with reading glasses.

Question 9

Hair usually begins to gray in middle adulthood because of ______.

Accepted Answer

Hair usually begins to gray in middle adulthood due to a decrease in the production of melanin, which is responsible for giving hair its color.

Question 10

In the United States, which of the following communities has the poorest survival rate from cancer?

Accepted Answer

American Indians have the poorest survival rate from cancer in the United States due to a combination of factors, including poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and cultural barriers.

Question 11

The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone secreted by the pancreas, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.

Question 12

The integumentary system refers to _______.

Accepted Answer

The integumentary system specifically refers to the body's system of skin, hair, and nails, which serves as a protective barrier against environmental hazards.

Question 13

Which of the following changes occurs during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, the amount of muscle typically decreases due to changes in metabolism and physical activity levels. This period is often marked by a gradual decline in physical capabilities.

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the fatty deposits that develop in the lining of arteries?

Accepted Answer

Plaque refers to the accumulation of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin in the inner lining of an artery, which can lead to atherosclerosis and restrict blood flow.

Question 15

The wrinkling associated with aging is actually caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

The primary cause of skin wrinkling associated with aging is exposure to ultraviolet rays, which damages the collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, leading to wrinkles.

Question 16

Which of the following increases during middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, there is a tendency for the body mass index (BMI) to increase due to a combination of factors such as a decrease in physical activity, changes in metabolism, and alterations in body composition. Bone density typically peaks by the end of the third decade of life and then gradually decreases, blood sugar tolerance tends to decrease with age, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) also tends to decrease, contributing to the increase in BMI.

Question 17

During middle adulthood, aerobic capacity declines as ______.

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, aerobic capacity declines primarily because less oxygen is taken into the lungs and less blood is pumped by the heart. This affects the body's efficiency in utilizing oxygen for energy production during physical activities.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about the health of middle-aged people in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Racial, ethnic, and gender differences significantly impact the incidence and treatment of diseases among middle-aged people in the United States, affecting access to healthcare, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of traditional methods of treating cancer?

Accepted Answer

Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are known for their side effects, including nausea and loss of appetite, due to their impact on both cancerous and healthy cells.

Question 20

The amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus increases with age mainly because of ______.

Accepted Answer

Changes in the nervous system, such as slower nerve conduction speeds and alterations in neurotransmitter levels, are primary reasons why response times to stimuli increase with age.

Quiz 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development