Question 1

In general, juvenile court jurisdiction is based on two variables:

Accepted Answer

Juvenile court jurisdiction is typically based on both the age of the child and the offense committed. The age requirements can vary by state, but in general, juvenile court jurisdiction covers individuals who are under 18 years old. The type of offense committed can also affect jurisdiction, with some more serious crimes being transferred to adult court. Attitude, gender, location, and family status are generally not determining factors in juvenile court jurisdiction.

Question 2

Rather than having a trial, a juvenile has a(n)

Accepted Answer

Juveniles have an adjudication hearing which is similar to a trial but with fewer formalities. The hearing determines whether the juvenile is responsible for the alleged offense. The disposition is the equivalent of a sentence in the juvenile justice system, and a petition is the document that initiates the juvenile court process. A waiver hearing is held when the prosecution wants to transfer the juvenile to adult court.

Question 3

Moving a juvenile case from juvenile court to adult court for trial is known as

Accepted Answer

Moving a juvenile case from juvenile court to adult court for trial is known as transfer of jurisdiction. This occurs when a judge determines that the offense committed by the juvenile is severe enough to merit adult criminal prosecution.

Question 4

_____ occurs in cases where the jurisdiction for certain cases is shared by the juvenile and adult courts. The prosecutor has the discretion to file such cases in either court.

Accepted Answer

Concurrent jurisdiction occurs when the jurisdiction for certain cases is shared by the juvenile and adult courts. The prosecutor has the discretion to file such cases in either court.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

Accepted Answer

Buying cigarettes is a status offense, which means it is only illegal because of the age of the person involved. It is not illegal for an adult to purchase cigarettes, but it is illegal for a minor to do so. Breaking and entering, getting into a physical fight, and stealing a car are all examples of criminal offenses that can be committed by anyone.

Question 6

The most commonly used type of waiver to adult court is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most commonly used type of waiver...

Question 7

The age of juveniles appearing before the juvenile court varies greatly from state to state, with the minimum being

Accepted Answer

The minimum age for juveniles appearing before the juvenile court varies greatly from state to state, but the lowest minimum age is 6 in some states.

Question 8

Although the rate of juvenile crime has declined, juvenile _________ still account for 17% of the violent crime in the United States each year.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile arrests refer to the apprehension of minors by law enforcement, which is a common measure used to report crime statistics, including the percentage of violent crimes attributed to juveniles.

Question 9

If the intake officer decides to send the case to juvenile court, the prosecutor files a(n) __________, bringing formal charges against the juvenile.

Accepted Answer

A delinquency petition is the formal document filed by the prosecutor in juvenile court, which brings charges against the juvenile. Indictments and informations are used in adult criminal court cases, and a summons is issued to require a person to appear in court, but it does not bring formal charges.

Question 10

The equivalent in the juvenile system of being "arrested" in the adult system is referred to as ____________.

Accepted Answer

In the juvenile system, being taken into custody is the equivalent of being arrested in the adult system. Detention refers to being held in a secure facility after being taken into custody, and direct intake involves a juvenile being directly referred to court without the need for detention or processing. Therefore, the correct choice is C, taken into custody.

Question 11

_____ is the juvenile justice system equivalent to adult parole release.

Accepted Answer

Aftercare is the juvenile justice system equivalent to adult parole release. It is a period of supervision and support provided to a juvenile after they are released from a juvenile correctional facility or detention center. The goal of aftercare is to ensure that the juvenile successfully reintegrates into their community and does not re-offend. This may involve regular check-ins with a juvenile probation officer or participation in counseling programs.

Question 12

A type of transfer of jurisdiction where the juvenile court judge waives jurisdiction and transfers the case is

Accepted Answer

Judicial waiver is the type of transfer of jurisdiction where the juvenile court judge waives jurisdiction and transfers the case to an adult criminal court. Statutory exclusion refers to certain offenses that automatically exclude juveniles from juvenile court jurisdiction, concurrent jurisdiction refers to both juvenile and adult courts having jurisdiction over certain offenses, and prosecutorial waiver is when the prosecutor decides whether to charge the juvenile in juvenile or adult court.

Question 13

A juvenile who is taken into custody by the police first goes through ______, where he or she is screened to determine whether the case should proceed further in the juvenile justice system.

Accepted Answer

When a juvenile is taken into custody, the first step is typically intake, where they are screened to determine whether the case should proceed further in the system. Evaluation (B) typically involves psychological or educational assessments of the juvenile, adjudication (C) is the fact-finding process that determines whether the juvenile committed the alleged offense, and disposition (D) is the final stage where the court decides on a penalty or treatment plan for the juvenile.

Question 14

__________ is the Latin term for "guilty mind" that implies that the offender knows what he or she is doing when committing a criminal or delinquent act.

Accepted Answer

Mens rea is the Latin term for "guilty mind" that implies that the offender knows what he or she is doing when committing a criminal or delinquent act. Actus reus refers to the actual physical act of committing a crime. Corpus delicti refers to the physical evidence of a crime. Vas Defrens is not a legal term.

Question 15

The decision to transfer is based on the severity of the offense, the prior response the juvenile has had to treatment/supervision, the level of danger the juvenile may pose in the future, and

Accepted Answer

The severity of the offense and the juvenile's prior record are important factors in determining whether a transfer to adult court is justified. This is because repeat offenses or more serious offenses may indicate that the juvenile is not responding well to treatment and may be a danger to society. The other options (B, C, and D) are not typically considered when making transfer decisions.

Question 16

In the United States today, roughly 60% of juvenile justice cases are

Accepted Answer

Delinquency proceedings are the most common type of juvenile justice cases in the United States, making up about 60% of all cases. These are cases where a minor is accused of committing a crime that would be considered a criminal offense if committed by an adult. Misdemeanor hearings and neglect cases make up a smaller percentage of cases, while felony trials are relatively rare in the juvenile justice system.

Question 17

The juvenile justice system was built on the concept of ______, which is the idea that the state should act as a substitute parent and intervene in cases where children have been neglected and/or are dependent.

Accepted Answer

Parens patriae is the concept that the state has the authority to act as a parent for children who are neglected or dependent. This principle forms the basis of the juvenile justice system, in which the state intervenes in cases involving minors to ensure their well-being and rehabilitation.

Question 18

A difference between the adult and juvenile courts is that the juvenile court is not authorized to

Accepted Answer

Juvenile courts do not have the authority to impose the death penalty, as juveniles are not eligible for capital punishment. However, adult courts have the authority to impose the death penalty in certain cases. Choices A, C, and D are not accurate as juvenile courts are authorized to place juveniles in institutions, use electronic monitoring, and conduct cross-examination of witnesses.

Question 19

The most common status offense committed by girls is

Accepted Answer

Running away is the most common status offense committed by girls. Status offenses are actions that are considered violations of the law only because of the age of the offender, and running away from home is more frequently reported among girls than other status offenses.

Question 20

A status offense is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A status offense is an act that is only considered a crime because of the age, status, or circumstance of the individual committing it. It would not be punishable if committed by an adult. Examples of status offenses include truancy, running away from home, and underage drinking.

Quiz 13: Juvenile Justice Probation and Parole