Question 1

The first state legislature to pass a law recognizing "good time" as a reward for a good behavior was ​

Accepted Answer

New York was the first state to pass a "good time" law in 1817, allowing for sentence reduction as a reward for good behavior among prisoners.

Question 2

Studies have shown that first-time offenders in states without discretionary parole actually served _____ time in prison than offenders in states that retained parole boards. ​

Accepted Answer

First-time offenders in states without discretionary parole actually served less time in prison than offenders in states that retained parole boards. This is because parole boards have the discretion to release offenders early, while states without parole boards do not.

Question 3

The word "parole" is derived from the French parole d'honneur , which means ​

Accepted Answer

The word "parole" is derived from the French phrase parole d'honneur, which is translated to "word of honor."

Question 4

The _____ is based on the concept of just deserts and even-handed punishment that calls for fairness in criminal sentencing, in that all persons convicted of a similar offense will receive a like sentence. ​

Accepted Answer

The justice model is based on the idea of just deserts and equal punishment for similar offenses. It emphasizes punishment as a means of deterrence and retribution, rather than rehabilitation or treatment.

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the four concepts underlying the development of parole in the United States? ​

Accepted Answer

The four concepts underlying the development of parole in the United States are (1) reduction in length of incarceration as reward for good conduct, (2) supervision of parolee, (3) imposition of indeterminate sentence, and (4) release of offenders to alleviate prison overcrowding. Option D (reduction of prison populations) is not one of the four concepts underlying the development of parole in the United States.

Question 6

The American prison reformer who introduced parole to the Elmira Reformatory in New York in 1876 was ​

Accepted Answer

Zebulon R. Brockway was the American prison reformer who introduced the concept of parole at the Elmira Reformatory in New York in 1876.

Question 7

A parole board makes decisions about _____ release. ​

Accepted Answer

A parole board makes discretionary decisions about early release based on an offender's behavior and likelihood of successfully reintegrating into society. This is different from mandatory release, which is determined by statute or sentencing guidelines, and expiration release, which occurs when an offender's full sentence has been served. Surety release involves a third party providing financial assurance that the offender will comply with conditions of release.

Question 8

In the 1970s, there was a move away from individualism, rehabilitation, and sentence indeterminacy toward giving the offender a more punitive sentence based on the offense. This type of sentencing practice is known as _________ sentencing. ​

Accepted Answer

The move away from rehabilitative approaches toward punitive sentencing practices in the 1970s is known as determinate sentencing. This type of sentencing involves fixed sentences that are predetermined based on the offense committed, with limited discretion for judges to deviate from the prescribed sentence.

Question 9

Sir Walter Crofton, who had studied Maconochie's innovations on Norfolk Island, became the chief administrator of the __________ prison system in 1854. ​

Accepted Answer

Sir Walter Crofton became the chief administrator of the Irish prison system in 1854, and his tenure is associated with the development of the Irish system of "intermediate" and "final" stages, which were attempts at a graduated system of release for prisoners.

Question 10

_____ is the conditional release of a convicted offender from a correctional institution, under the continued custody of the state, to serve the remainder of his or her sentence under supervision in the community. ​

Accepted Answer

Parole is the conditional release of a convicted offender from a correctional institution, under the continued custody of the state, to serve the remainder of his or her sentence under supervision in the community. Probation is a similar concept but applies to offenders who were not sentenced to prison or jail. Work release allows offenders to work outside the correctional facility during the day but requires them to return to the institution at night. Furlough is a temporary release from prison for a specific purpose, such as attending a funeral or visiting a sick family member.

Question 11

Release from prison after 100% of a sentence has been served is known as _____ release. ​

Accepted Answer

Expiration release refers to the automatic release of an inmate when they have completed their full sentence, including any good time or early release credits. This release is not dependent on the discretion of parole boards or other authorities.

Question 12

The _____ has the highest concentration of parolees in the United States. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ has the highest concentration of...

Question 13

Three European prison administrators are credited for implementing the first modern-day parole practices in their home countries, one of which was _____, the first Spanish prison administrator to institute a system of parole in his home country of Spain. ​

Accepted Answer

The question specifically asks which European prison administrator was the first to institute a system of parole in Spain. Option A, Sir Walter Dali, is unlikely to be the correct answer as there is no record of him being a prison administrator, let alone introducing parole practices in any country. Option C, Alexander Maconochie, is known for his work in reforming prison systems in Norfolk Island and implementing a system of "marks" as a way of incentivizing good behavior and promoting rehabilitation, but he was not a European prison administrator, and did not introduce parole. Option D, Jorge Augustus, is a fictional character and not a real person. The correct answer is therefore B, Manuel Montesinos, who was the first Spanish prison administrator to implement a system of parole in Spain.

Question 14

About one-third of U.S. states have a(n)____________ structure that limits the discretion of parole boards for felonies. ​

Accepted Answer

Determinate sentencing structures are those that provide a fixed sentence for a crime, leaving little to no discretion for parole boards to determine the length of the sentence. In contrast, indeterminate structures provide a range of possible sentences, which can be adjusted by a parole board based on the offender's behavior and progress in rehabilitation. Truth-in-sentencing refers to laws that require offenders to serve a significant portion of their sentence before becoming eligible for parole or early release. Rehabilitative structures focus on providing treatment and education to offenders in order to reduce recidivism rates, but may still allow for discretion in parole decisions. Therefore, the best choice for the blank in the question is C, determinate.

Question 15

Alexander Maconochie used a _____ system, whereby the duration of a sentence would be decided by the prisoner's good conduct. ​

Accepted Answer

Alexander Maconochie introduced the marks system, where prisoners could earn marks through good behavior, which would then reduce the length of their sentence.

Question 16

Under the system established at the Elmira Reformatory, volunteer citizens known as _____ supervised parolees. ​

Accepted Answer

Citizens who supervised the parolees were called guardians.

Question 17

Parolees typically serve _____ under supervision in the community.

Accepted Answer

Parolees typically serve one to two years under supervision in the community.

Question 18

Which of the following reason(s) presented by the American Probation and Parole Association and the Association of Paroling Authorities have been used to justify the continued usage of parole in America? ​

Accepted Answer

The American Probation and Parole Association and the Association of Paroling Authorities justify the continued use of parole for several reasons: parole boards can mandate participation in treatment programs, victims have more input in parole hearings compared to automatic releases, and release decisions under parole are made by humans rather than computers, allowing for more nuanced decision-making.

Question 19

Under the medical model, the court set a minimum and maximum release date and the parole board determined when the appropriate time was to release the offender back into the community. This is a(n) _________ sentence. ​

Accepted Answer

Under the medical model, the sentence is indeterminate because the release date is not clearly set but determined by the parole board based on the offender's progress in rehabilitation and readiness for release.

Question 20

Under ____________ release, offenders reentered society when correctional authorities and board members believed they were ready or they had improved their lives enough to earn the privilege to be released. ​

Accepted Answer

Discretionary release refers to the practice of releasing offenders back into the community when the correctional authorities and board members believe they have reformed and are ready for reintegration. This type of release allows decision makers to use their discretion and judgment to determine individual cases and make well-informed decisions regarding reentry. The other options, exclusionary, mandatory, and good-time releases, do not involve such discretionary decision-making.

Quiz 3: History of Paroles and Mandatory Release

The first state legislature to pass a law recognizing "good time" as a reward for a good behavior was

Studies have shown that first-time offenders in states without discretionary parole actually served _____ time in prison than offenders in states that retained parole boards.

The word "parole" is derived from the French parole d'honneur , which means

The _____ is based on the concept of just deserts and even-handed punishment that calls for fairness in criminal sentencing, in that all persons convicted of a similar offense will receive a like sentence.

Which of the following is not one of the four concepts underlying the development of parole in the United States?

The American prison reformer who introduced parole to the Elmira Reformatory in New York in 1876 was

A parole board makes decisions about _____ release.

In the 1970s, there was a move away from individualism, rehabilitation, and sentence indeterminacy toward giving the offender a more punitive sentence based on the offense. This type of sentencing practice is known as _________ sentencing.

Sir Walter Crofton, who had studied Maconochie's innovations on Norfolk Island, became the chief administrator of the __________ prison system in 1854.

_____ is the conditional release of a convicted offender from a correctional institution, under the continued custody of the state, to serve the remainder of his or her sentence under supervision in the community.

Release from prison after 100% of a sentence has been served is known as _____ release.

The _____ has the highest concentration of parolees in the United States.

Three European prison administrators are credited for implementing the first modern-day parole practices in their home countries, one of which was _____, the first Spanish prison administrator to institute a system of parole in his home country of Spain.

About one-third of U.S. states have a(n) ____________ structure that limits the discretion of parole boards for felonies.

Alexander Maconochie used a _____ system, whereby the duration of a sentence would be decided by the prisoner's good conduct.

Under the system established at the Elmira Reformatory, volunteer citizens known as _____ supervised parolees.

Parolees typically serve _____ under supervision in the community.

Which of the following reason(s) presented by the American Probation and Parole Association and the Association of Paroling Authorities have been used to justify the continued usage of parole in America?

Under the medical model, the court set a minimum and maximum release date and the parole board determined when the appropriate time was to release the offender back into the community. This is a(n) _________ sentence.

Under ____________ release, offenders reentered society when correctional authorities and board members believed they were ready or they had improved their lives enough to earn the privilege to be released.

Quiz 3: History of Paroles and Mandatory Release

The first state legislature to pass a law recognizing "good time" as a reward for a good behavior was ​

Studies have shown that first-time offenders in states without discretionary parole actually served _____ time in prison than offenders in states that retained parole boards. ​

The word "parole" is derived from the French parole d'honneur , which means ​

The _____ is based on the concept of just deserts and even-handed punishment that calls for fairness in criminal sentencing, in that all persons convicted of a similar offense will receive a like sentence. ​

Which of the following is not one of the four concepts underlying the development of parole in the United States? ​

The American prison reformer who introduced parole to the Elmira Reformatory in New York in 1876 was ​

A parole board makes decisions about _____ release. ​

In the 1970s, there was a move away from individualism, rehabilitation, and sentence indeterminacy toward giving the offender a more punitive sentence based on the offense. This type of sentencing practice is known as _________ sentencing. ​

Sir Walter Crofton, who had studied Maconochie's innovations on Norfolk Island, became the chief administrator of the __________ prison system in 1854. ​

_____ is the conditional release of a convicted offender from a correctional institution, under the continued custody of the state, to serve the remainder of his or her sentence under supervision in the community. ​

Release from prison after 100% of a sentence has been served is known as _____ release. ​

The _____ has the highest concentration of parolees in the United States. ​

Three European prison administrators are credited for implementing the first modern-day parole practices in their home countries, one of which was _____, the first Spanish prison administrator to institute a system of parole in his home country of Spain. ​

About one-third of U.S. states have a(n) ____________ structure that limits the discretion of parole boards for felonies. ​

Alexander Maconochie used a _____ system, whereby the duration of a sentence would be decided by the prisoner's good conduct. ​

Under the system established at the Elmira Reformatory, volunteer citizens known as _____ supervised parolees. ​

Parolees typically serve _____ under supervision in the community.

Which of the following reason(s) presented by the American Probation and Parole Association and the Association of Paroling Authorities have been used to justify the continued usage of parole in America? ​

Under the medical model, the court set a minimum and maximum release date and the parole board determined when the appropriate time was to release the offender back into the community. This is a(n) _________ sentence. ​

Under ____________ release, offenders reentered society when correctional authorities and board members believed they were ready or they had improved their lives enough to earn the privilege to be released. ​

The first state legislature to pass a law recognizing "good time" as a reward for a good behavior was

Studies have shown that first-time offenders in states without discretionary parole actually served _____ time in prison than offenders in states that retained parole boards.

The word "parole" is derived from the French parole d'honneur , which means

The _____ is based on the concept of just deserts and even-handed punishment that calls for fairness in criminal sentencing, in that all persons convicted of a similar offense will receive a like sentence.

Which of the following is not one of the four concepts underlying the development of parole in the United States?

The American prison reformer who introduced parole to the Elmira Reformatory in New York in 1876 was

A parole board makes decisions about _____ release.

In the 1970s, there was a move away from individualism, rehabilitation, and sentence indeterminacy toward giving the offender a more punitive sentence based on the offense. This type of sentencing practice is known as _________ sentencing.

Sir Walter Crofton, who had studied Maconochie's innovations on Norfolk Island, became the chief administrator of the __________ prison system in 1854.

_____ is the conditional release of a convicted offender from a correctional institution, under the continued custody of the state, to serve the remainder of his or her sentence under supervision in the community.

Release from prison after 100% of a sentence has been served is known as _____ release.

The _____ has the highest concentration of parolees in the United States.

Three European prison administrators are credited for implementing the first modern-day parole practices in their home countries, one of which was _____, the first Spanish prison administrator to institute a system of parole in his home country of Spain.

About one-third of U.S. states have a(n) ____________ structure that limits the discretion of parole boards for felonies.

Alexander Maconochie used a _____ system, whereby the duration of a sentence would be decided by the prisoner's good conduct.

Under the system established at the Elmira Reformatory, volunteer citizens known as _____ supervised parolees.

Which of the following reason(s) presented by the American Probation and Parole Association and the Association of Paroling Authorities have been used to justify the continued usage of parole in America?

Under the medical model, the court set a minimum and maximum release date and the parole board determined when the appropriate time was to release the offender back into the community. This is a(n) _________ sentence.

Under ____________ release, offenders reentered society when correctional authorities and board members believed they were ready or they had improved their lives enough to earn the privilege to be released.