Question 1

A(n) _____ is an individual who agrees to become responsible for the debt of a defendant if he or she fails to appear at his or her next court appearance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _____ is an individual who agrees...

Question 2

Courts have held that a defendant does not have a(n) _______ Amendment right to have an attorney present during the initial probation interview.

Accepted Answer

The Sixth Amendment provides the right to an attorney in criminal proceedings. However, probation interviews are not considered part of the criminal process, so courts have held that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel does not extend to probation interviews.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the standard conditions of community sanctions? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not one...

Question 4

Conditions that are additional stipulations tailored to fit the problems and needs of the individual offender and ordered by the court are referred to as _____________ conditions. ​

Accepted Answer

Special conditions are designed to address the specific issues and circumstances of the offender and are usually in addition to standard conditions. Treatment conditions can also be specialized to address a particular need, but they typically focus on rehabilitation and addressing underlying issues, such as substance abuse or mental health problems. Penal conditions are usually punitive in nature and involve restrictions on the offender's liberty or behavior.

Question 5

_____ is a form of justice whereby each defendant's case is considered by a judge, parole board, or decision-making authority according to its harms, subjectivities, wrongs, and contexts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a form of justice whereby...

Question 6

The type of presentence investigation report that focuses on the treatment needs of the offender in an effort to understand the causes of an offender's antisocial behavior and to evaluate his or her potential for change is a(n) ____________________ report.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of presentence investigation report that...

Question 7

Conditions that are imposed on all individuals under community supervision in a given jurisdiction, regardless of the nature of the offense committed, are referred to as _________________ conditions. ​

Accepted Answer

Standard conditions are imposed on all individuals under community supervision, regardless of the nature of the offense committed. These conditions may include regular reporting to a probation or parole officer, a curfew, drug testing, and restrictions on travel or association with certain people. Special conditions, on the other hand, are tailored to the individual offender and may include specific treatment programs or requirements related to the offense committed. Penal conditions and treatment conditions may also be imposed in addition to standard or special conditions.

Question 8

_____ is a defendant's release from jail while awaiting his or her next court appearance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a defendant's release from jail...

Question 9

Clark and Henry (2003) found that the number of jurisdictions nationwide that issue warrants and conduct other forms of follow-up for failure to appear has actually ___________ in recent years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clark and Henry (2003) found that the...

Question 10

In both the state and federal systems, pretrial services recommends the _________________ available to the court, taking into consideration the safety of the community and the defendant's likelihood of reappearance in court.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In both the state and federal systems,...

Question 11

Pretrial services officers are able to release defendants before their initial appearance before a judge through what is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pretrial services officers are able to release...

Question 12

Reports that focus primarily on the crime, the offender's culpability, and the offender's prior criminal history are ​

Accepted Answer

Offense-based reports primarily focus on the crime committed, including details about the offense, the offender's actions, and any harm caused to the victim or community. They may provide information on the offender's criminal history and characteristics, but their main focus is on the specific offense committed. Offense-based reports are commonly used in the criminal justice system for charging decisions, sentencing, and other legal purposes.

Question 13

Renewed interest in victim rights and restoring the harm caused by the offender resulted in including a new component in PSIs referred to as ______________. ​

Accepted Answer

Victim impact statements are included in PSIs to address victim rights and the harm caused by the offender, reflecting the renewed interest in these areas.

Question 14

If a defendant with an ROR fails to attend the next hearing, there is no bond amount to pay, but a(n) ___________ is still issued for the defendant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a defendant with an ROR fails...

Question 15

The contents of the presentence investigation and report vary according to

Accepted Answer

The contents of the presentence investigation and report vary according to whether it is an offender-based or offense-based PSI. This distinction defines the focus of the investigation either on the offender's characteristics and needs, or on the circumstances of the offense. Other factors, such as drug or alcohol use, socioeconomic status, race, and gender may be taken into account, but they do not determine the structure or content of the PSI as much as the offender-offense distinction does. The type of crime may also influence the content of the PSI to some extent, but it is mostly relevant for the severity of the sentence, rather than for the PSI itself.

Question 16

The major source of information used by the courts in determining whether or not to grant probation or impose some other sentence has been and remains the ​

Accepted Answer

The presentence investigation report provides the courts with a comprehensive background investigation of the defendant, including criminal history, family background, education, employment history, and other personal information that may be relevant in determining an appropriate sentence. It is typically prepared by a probation officer and serves as the primary source of information for the court in making sentencing decisions.

Question 17

Occasionally a court will order a report to be written when a court has proceeded directly to the sentencing phase without benefit of a PSI, usually after the court has accepted a plea bargain. This report is referred to as a ​

Accepted Answer

A post-sentence report is prepared when the court moves directly to sentencing, often after a plea bargain, without a Pre-Sentence Investigation (PSI) report. This report provides the court with background information on the defendant to assist in determining an appropriate sentence.

Question 18

Alternative programming to traditional criminal justice sentencing that provides first-time offenders with a chance to have their charges dismissed if they successfully complete a treatment program is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alternative programming to traditional criminal justice sentencing...

Question 19

_____ refers to an opportunity for a defendant and/or his or her attorney to review a draft of the presentence report. ​

Accepted Answer

Disclosure refers to the opportunity given to the defendant and/or his or her attorney to review a draft of the presentence report before it is finalized and submitted to the court. This allows for any factual errors or inaccuracies to be corrected before sentencing.

Question 20

The first pretrial release program in the United States was the ____________________, which was initiated in 1960 to assist judges in identifying defendants who could be released on their own recognizance (ROR) before their next scheduled court date.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first pretrial release program in the...

Quiz 4: Pretrial Supervision Sentencing and Presentence Investigation Report