Question 1

The view that intelligence is not inherited but is largely part of the environment is known as ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The view that intelligence is not inherited...

Question 2

Which criminologist believed that criminals could be identified by observing the physical traits of offenders?

Accepted Answer

Lombroso believed in the theory of "atavism" which proposed that criminals were throwbacks to a more primitive form of human evolution and could be identified by certain physical traits.

Question 3

A branch of psychology that stresses self-awareness and getting in touch with feelings is known as ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A branch of psychology that stresses self-awareness...

Question 4

The belief that no serious consideration should be given to biological factors when attempting to understand human nature is known as:

Accepted Answer

Biophobia refers to the fear or rejection of biological explanations for certain behaviors or traits. Those who hold this belief may focus solely on environmental or social factors when attempting to understand human nature.

Question 5

Henry Goddard, Richard Dugdale, and Arthur Estabrook were advocates of which school of thought?

Accepted Answer

Henry Goddard, Richard Dugdale, and Arthur Estabrook were advocates of the inheritance school, which believed that criminal behavior was a result of genetic or biological inferiority. They suggested that criminals were born with innate traits that made them more likely to engage in criminal activities.

Question 6

Androgens affect the brain structure in the left hemisphere of the ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Androgens affect the brain structure in the...

Question 7

The condition that occurs when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning is known as:

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia is the condition that occurs when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning.

Question 8

The view that intelligence is largely determined genetically and that low intelligence is linked to criminal behavior is referred to as ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The view that intelligence is largely determined...

Question 9

The onset of the menstrual cycle triggers excessive amounts of female sex hormones, which affect antisocial, aggressive behavior. This condition is commonly referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition that occurs before a woman's period and can cause various physical and emotional symptoms, including irritability, mood swings, and aggression. This is thought to be due to the fluctuation of hormones during the menstrual cycle.

Question 10

The type of crime-control programs called __________________ are aimed at helping offenders who have already been identified.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of crime-control programs called __________________...

Question 11

Sociobiology differs from earlier theories of behavior in that it stresses that genetic and biological conditions affect:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociobiology differs from earlier theories of behavior...

Question 12

____ involves employing the scientific method to produce research findings that can validate a theory.

Accepted Answer

The scientific method is a key component of positivism, which emphasizes the use of empirical observation and experimentation to validate scientific theories. Classicalism refers to a philosophical perspective that emphasizes individual freedom and limited government intervention, not empirical scientific research. Utilitarianism and deontology are ethical frameworks related to moral decision-making, not scientific research validation.

Question 13

___________________ is a branch of cognitive psychology that focuses on the ways in which people process, store, and encode information to make decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ is a branch of cognitive psychology...

Question 14

Biosocial theorists have evaluated the association between violent behavior episodes and hormone levels. Their findings suggest that abnormal levels of which male sex hormones influence the neocortex and have been linked to aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

Biosocial theorists have found that abnormal levels of androgens, such as testosterone, influence the neocortex and can lead to aggressive behavior. Glycogens are not male sex hormones, and endorphins and endogens are not specifically linked to aggressive behavior.

Question 15

Reasonably stable patterns of behavior, including thoughts or emotions, that distinguish one individual from another are referred to as _____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reasonably stable patterns of behavior, including thoughts...

Question 16

____ cause an excessive reaction in the brain, whereas ____ affect the nervous system. Both are linked to mental, emotional, and behavioral problems.

Accepted Answer

Cerebral allergies cause an excessive reaction in the brain, while neuroallergies affect the nervous system. Both types of allergies can lead to various mental, emotional, and behavioral issues.

Question 17

Which of the following statements pertaining to the link between lead and crime is inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

The average blood lead level has decreased over the past decades due to regulations and efforts to reduce lead exposure, making statement D inaccurate.

Question 18

_____ occur(s) when glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning.

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia is a condition where glucose levels in the blood fall below what is necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning. This can lead to symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, irritability, and weakness. It is important to maintain balanced blood sugar levels through a healthy diet and regular exercise.

Question 19

A number of environmental contaminants have been associated with emotional and behavioral disorders. Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behaviors on both a macro, or national, level and on a micro, or individual, level?

Accepted Answer

Lead exposure has been linked to aggressive behaviors both on a national level, where higher crime rates have been observed in areas with higher lead exposure, and on an individual level, where increased aggression and behavioral issues have been noted in individuals with elevated lead levels.

Question 20

According to William Sheldon, who believed that criminals manifest distinct physiques, which somatotype was most likely to become criminal?

Accepted Answer

Sheldon believed that individuals with a mesomorphic somatotype (muscular and athletic build) were more predisposed to criminal behavior due to their aggression and impulsivity.

Quiz 5: Trait Theories