Question 1

Which system is responsible for decreasing GI function?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which includes decreasing gastrointestinal (GI) function to divert energy to muscles and other systems critical for immediate survival.

Question 2

What inhibits transduction in the pain pathway?

Accepted Answer

Opioids and NSAIDs inhibit transduction in the pain pathway by blocking the production or action of pain mediators at the site of injury, thus preventing the initiation of the pain signal.

Question 3

What allows an impulse to move across a synapse from one neuron to another?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow impulses to cross the synaptic gap between neurons, facilitating communication between them.

Question 4

Which nervous system is also called the fight-or-flight system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight-or-flight" response, preparing the body to react to stress or danger by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy supply.

Question 5

Which type of receptor affects skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors, a type of acetylcholine receptor, are found at the neuromuscular junction and play a crucial role in the activation of skeletal muscles.

Question 6

What drug reverses all clinical effects of opioids?

Accepted Answer

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension, by binding to opioid receptors without activating them.

Question 7

Which sympathetic receptor types are found mainly in smooth muscles of the lung?

Accepted Answer

Beta 2 receptors are primarily found in the smooth muscles of the lung, where their activation leads to bronchodilation, which is the widening of the bronchi and bronchioles.

Question 8

Which drug would be used to decrease the intraocular pressure of glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist that is used to treat glaucoma by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor, which decreases intraocular pressure.

Question 9

What drugs lessen anxiety but do not make the animal drowsy?

Accepted Answer

Antianxiety drugs are specifically designed to reduce anxiety without causing drowsiness, unlike sedatives, tranquilizers, and barbiturates, which can induce drowsiness as part of their calming effects.

Question 10

Which nervous system increases GI function and causes the pupils to constrict?

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" functions, which include increasing gastrointestinal (GI) function and causing the pupils to constrict.

Question 11

Which nervous system makes constant adjustments of body functions to maintain life?

Accepted Answer

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is responsible for making constant adjustments in body functions to maintain homeostasis and support life, such as regulating heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.

Question 12

What is the space between two neurons?

Accepted Answer

The space between two neurons is called a synapse. It is where the transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next occurs, typically involving the release of neurotransmitters.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a neuroleptanalgesic?

Accepted Answer

Fentanyl is an example of a neuroleptanalgesic, which is a combination of a neuroleptic and an analgesic used to produce a state of quiet, painless immobility.

Question 14

These sympathetic receptor types cause inhibition of norepinephrine release in the brain, resulting in drowsiness: ______.

Accepted Answer

Alpha 2 receptors, when activated, inhibit the release of norepinephrine in the brain, which can lead to drowsiness. This is part of the feedback mechanism to regulate neurotransmitter release.

Question 15

Anesthesia does not mean _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anesthesia does not mean _______.
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Question 16

Which anticonvulsant would be prescribed for an animal with hepatic disease?

Accepted Answer

Potassium bromide is not metabolized by the liver, making it a safer choice for animals with hepatic disease compared to other anticonvulsants that are processed by the liver.

Question 17

This part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body toward the muscle cells, glands, or other nerves: ______.

Accepted Answer

The axon is the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons, muscle cells, or glands.

Question 18

The three types of opioid receptors include all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

Gamma is not a type of opioid receptor. The three primary types of opioid receptors are mu, delta, and kappa.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit information. The main types of neurons include sensory neurons, which detect changes in the environment and send information to the brain; motor neurons, which send signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles to control movement; and associative (or interneurons) neurons, which connect sensory and motor neurons and carry signals between them. There is no neuron type classified as "Chemical"; instead, neurons communicate through chemical signals called neurotransmitters.

Question 20

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses, allowing for communication throughout the body.

Quiz 7: Drugs Affecting the Nervous System