Question 1

Janis is at the mall when she sees a bright pink hat with flowers on it. Suddenly, Janis feels anxious, upset, and frightened, but she does not understand why. What Janis subconsciously remembers is that when she was five years old, she wore a similar hat to school, and everyone laughed and threw rocks at her. This scenario is an example of a(n)____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of implicit memory because Janis is not consciously aware of why she is feeling anxious and upset in response to the bright pink hat with flowers on it. The memory of the negative experience she had wearing a similar hat as a child is stored unconsciously in her implicit memory, which is activated by the sight of the similar hat years later.

Question 2

When you ask her, Kyung cannot remember the names of all fifty U.S. state capitals. However, when you then show her a list of U.S. city names, she can correctly point out all fifty capitals. Kyung initially had trouble remembering the state capitals because of poor ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Kyung was unable to recall the names of all fifty U.S. state capitals from memory. This suggests poor recall, which refers to the ability to retrieve previously learned information from memory.

Question 3

Jacques and Pierre are studying for their Spanish exam. Jacques is repeating vocabulary words over and over. Pierre is creating associations between vocabulary words and English words that sound similar. All else being equal, Pierre is more likely to do better on the Spanish exam because he is using ____ rehearsal and Jacques is using ____ rehearsal. ​

Accepted Answer

Jacques is using maintenance rehearsal, which simply involves repeating the information over and over without trying to make meaningful connections or associations. This is a superficial way of processing information and can lead to poor retention and recall. Pierre, on the other hand, is using elaborative rehearsal, which involves actively trying to make meaningful connections or associations with the information being learned. This deeper level of processing can lead to better retention and recall. Therefore, Pierre is more likely to do better on the exam.

Question 4

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends. He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park. Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of ____ memory, whereas his ability to ride the bike shows ____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of semantic memory, which involves facts and general knowledge. His ability to ride the bike demonstrates procedural memory, which involves motor skills and actions.

Question 5

Remembering what the word summer means requires ____ memory, while remembering what you did on July 4, 1996, requires ____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Remembering the meaning of the word "summer" involves semantic memory, which is related to facts and general knowledge. Remembering a specific event, such as what one did on July 4, 1996, involves episodic memory, which is related to personal experiences and events.

Question 6

Matilda asks Becky, "How was your spring break?" As Becky describes her vacation, she begins to feel guilty because she subconsciously recalls how her parents criticized her for taking a trip instead of getting caught up in her studies. Becky's recollection of her vacation is an example of a(n)____ memory, and her feeling of guilt is an example of a(n)____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Becky's recollection of her vacation is an example of an explicit memory because it involves consciously recalling events she experienced. Her feeling of guilt, however, is an example of implicit memory because it is an unconscious recollection of emotions associated with her parents' criticism.

Question 7

The three basic processes of memory are ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The three basic processes of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of taking in and converting information into a form that can be stored in memory. Storage is the process of retaining this information over time. Retrieval is the process of accessing and using this information when it is needed. Recognition and forgetting are not considered basic processes of memory. Maintenance is not a recognized process of memory.

Question 8

In the process of learning the specific techniques of his job, Arlen will need to keep this new information in his memory for a long time. This part of the memory process is known as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Storage is the process of retaining information in the memory for a long time. Encoding refers to the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory. Retrieval and recall are related to accessing stored information in memory. Therefore, the best choice for this scenario is C) storage.

Question 9

As Minna smells the hay and manure in the barn, she begins to feel uneasy. Although she isn't consciously aware of it, she is recalling the night that she was at the circus and stepped on by an elephant. This is an example of ____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question is an example of implicit memory, as Minna is subconsciously recalling the night at the circus without consciously trying to do so. Implicit memory refers to unconscious memories, while explicit memory refers to consciously retrieved memories. Sensory memory involves storing sensory information for a brief period of time, and procedural memory refers to the memory of how to perform certain tasks or skills. Neither of these types of memory are relevant to the scenario described in the question.

Question 10

Elka can remember the phone number she just looked up only by repeating it over and over. When she stops saying it out loud, she forgets it. Elka is using ____ rehearsal to keep the information in ____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Elka is using maintenance rehearsal since she is repeating the phone number over and over to keep it in her memory. Short-term memory is also known as working memory, which is where the information is being held temporarily while being actively processed. Therefore, the option A, maintenance rehearsal to keep the information in short-term memory, is the best choice.

Question 11

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam. Once he had done so, they became ____ memories. ​

Accepted Answer

Semantic memories are memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions. Corbin memorizing a list of state capitals falls under this category of general knowledge, making it a semantic memory. Implicit memories involve skills and procedures that are learned unconsciously, episodic memories are memories of specific events, and procedural memories are memories of how to do something, such as riding a bike. None of these categories fit Corbin's situation as well as semantic memory.

Question 12

Felicia is a witness in a traffic accident court case. When asked by the attorney to describe what she witnessed, Felicia tells her perspective as she saw it unfold. Felicia's memories of the accident are considered ____ memories. ​

Accepted Answer

Explicit memories are memories of specific events that can be consciously retrieved and described, such as Felicia's memory of witnessing the traffic accident in court.

Question 13

When an eyewitness to a robbery tries to identify the criminal from a lineup of suspects, he or she is engaging in which memory retrieval process? ​

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the process of identifying information that has been previously learned or experienced, and is usually easier and more reliable than recall or relearning. When an eyewitness looks at a lineup of suspects and identifies the one they saw during the crime, they are using recognition to retrieve the memory of the criminal's appearance.

Question 14

Valerie is teaching Parker how to play the guitar. Valerie instructs Parker to sit across from her and watch her finger movements as she plays a song. She has found this method more effective than attempting to verbally explain the complicated series of finger movements. Valerie's teaching strategy indicates that her memory of how to play the guitar is stored as a(n)____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Valerie's teaching strategy indicates that her memory of how to play the guitar is stored as a procedural memory, which is the memory of how to perform a certain skill or activity, such as playing an instrument. This type of memory is often best learned through practice and repetition, as well as by observing and imitating others.

Question 15

Even though Samantha cannot explain how she is able to wiggle her nose, she always remembers how to do it. Samantha's memory for her nose wiggling is an example of ____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Samantha's memory for wiggling her nose is a procedural memory, which is a type of long-term memory for how to perform specific skills or actions, without the need for conscious awareness or intentional recollection of the steps involved.

Question 16

The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory system can work is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process by which information is transferred into a form that can be stored in memory. Storage refers to retaining encoded information over time, while retrieval involves accessing stored information for later use. Processing encompasses all cognitive operations, including perception, attention, and conceptualization, that occur between encoding and retrieval.

Question 17

To discourage his children from smoking, a father shows them the extremely graphic pictures of withered, blackened, and perforated lungs of a dead smoker. Afterwards, when confronted with peers offering cigarettes, the "lung pictures" come into the children's minds. This is an example of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented involves the use of visual aids, specifically graphic images of damaged lungs, to discourage smoking. This suggests that visual memory is being utilized in the process of deterring the behavior.

Question 18

Today it is Joe's turn to pick up lunch for the staff at his office. Things are particularly busy, and Joe doesn't have time to write down each person's order. Instead, he tries to remember their orders by repeating to himself over and over "three buster burgers, one chicken club, two waffle fries, and a strawberry sundae" while he waits in the line at Fred's Burger Barn. Joe's memory strategy is called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Joe is using maintenance rehearsal, which involves repeating information over and over in one's head to keep it in working memory.

Question 19

Melvin got a new phone number at the beginning of the semester. At first, he repeated it to himself numerous times to remember it, but by the end of the semester, he easily remembers it. When he was holding the number in short-term memory at the beginning, the information is most likely ____, and once it is in his long-term memory, it is ____. ​

Accepted Answer

When Melvin repeated the number to himself, he was using auditory repetition to transfer the information from sensory memory to short-term memory. Once he had practiced it enough, the information moved to long-term memory where it is stored semantically, meaning he remembers the meaning and significance of the number rather than just the sound of it.

Question 20

Caden can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill, scraping his knee badly.This would best be described as a(n)____ memory. ​

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves recalling personal experiences or events, like Caden's memory of his first bike ride with his dad. The fact that he can vividly remember the details of the spill and the injury suggests that this is an episodic memory, rather than a semantic memory (facts and concepts), procedural memory (how to perform a task), or implicit memory (unconscious memories, such as how to ride a bike once learned).

Quiz 6: Memory

When you ask her, Kyung cannot remember the names of all fifty U.S. state capitals. However, when you then show her a list of U.S. city names, she can correctly point out all fifty capitals. Kyung initially had trouble remembering the state capitals because of poor ____.

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends. He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park. Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of memory, whereas his ability to ride the bike shows memory.

Remembering what the word summer means requires memory, while remembering what you did on July 4, 1996, requires memory.

The three basic processes of memory are ____.

In the process of learning the specific techniques of his job, Arlen will need to keep this new information in his memory for a long time. This part of the memory process is known as ____.

As Minna smells the hay and manure in the barn, she begins to feel uneasy. Although she isn't consciously aware of it, she is recalling the night that she was at the circus and stepped on by an elephant. This is an example of ____ memory.

Elka can remember the phone number she just looked up only by repeating it over and over. When she stops saying it out loud, she forgets it. Elka is using rehearsal to keep the information in memory.

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam. Once he had done so, they became ____ memories.

Felicia is a witness in a traffic accident court case. When asked by the attorney to describe what she witnessed, Felicia tells her perspective as she saw it unfold. Felicia's memories of the accident are considered ____ memories.

When an eyewitness to a robbery tries to identify the criminal from a lineup of suspects, he or she is engaging in which memory retrieval process?

Even though Samantha cannot explain how she is able to wiggle her nose, she always remembers how to do it. Samantha's memory for her nose wiggling is an example of ____ memory.

The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory system can work is called ____.

To discourage his children from smoking, a father shows them the extremely graphic pictures of withered, blackened, and perforated lungs of a dead smoker. Afterwards, when confronted with peers offering cigarettes, the "lung pictures" come into the children's minds. This is an example of ____.

Caden can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill, scraping his knee badly.This would best be described as a(n) ____ memory.

Quiz 6: Memory

When you ask her, Kyung cannot remember the names of all fifty U.S. state capitals. However, when you then show her a list of U.S. city names, she can correctly point out all fifty capitals. Kyung initially had trouble remembering the state capitals because of poor ____. ​

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends. He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park. Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of ____ memory, whereas his ability to ride the bike shows ____ memory. ​

Remembering what the word summer means requires ____ memory, while remembering what you did on July 4, 1996, requires ____ memory. ​

The three basic processes of memory are ____. ​

In the process of learning the specific techniques of his job, Arlen will need to keep this new information in his memory for a long time. This part of the memory process is known as ____. ​

As Minna smells the hay and manure in the barn, she begins to feel uneasy. Although she isn't consciously aware of it, she is recalling the night that she was at the circus and stepped on by an elephant. This is an example of ____ memory. ​

Elka can remember the phone number she just looked up only by repeating it over and over. When she stops saying it out loud, she forgets it. Elka is using ____ rehearsal to keep the information in ____ memory. ​

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam. Once he had done so, they became ____ memories. ​

Felicia is a witness in a traffic accident court case. When asked by the attorney to describe what she witnessed, Felicia tells her perspective as she saw it unfold. Felicia's memories of the accident are considered ____ memories. ​

When an eyewitness to a robbery tries to identify the criminal from a lineup of suspects, he or she is engaging in which memory retrieval process? ​

Even though Samantha cannot explain how she is able to wiggle her nose, she always remembers how to do it. Samantha's memory for her nose wiggling is an example of ____ memory. ​

The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory system can work is called ____.

To discourage his children from smoking, a father shows them the extremely graphic pictures of withered, blackened, and perforated lungs of a dead smoker. Afterwards, when confronted with peers offering cigarettes, the "lung pictures" come into the children's minds. This is an example of ____. ​

Caden can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill, scraping his knee badly.This would best be described as a(n) ____ memory. ​

When you ask her, Kyung cannot remember the names of all fifty U.S. state capitals. However, when you then show her a list of U.S. city names, she can correctly point out all fifty capitals. Kyung initially had trouble remembering the state capitals because of poor ____.

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends. He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park. Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of memory, whereas his ability to ride the bike shows memory.

Remembering what the word summer means requires memory, while remembering what you did on July 4, 1996, requires memory.

The three basic processes of memory are ____.

In the process of learning the specific techniques of his job, Arlen will need to keep this new information in his memory for a long time. This part of the memory process is known as ____.

As Minna smells the hay and manure in the barn, she begins to feel uneasy. Although she isn't consciously aware of it, she is recalling the night that she was at the circus and stepped on by an elephant. This is an example of ____ memory.

Elka can remember the phone number she just looked up only by repeating it over and over. When she stops saying it out loud, she forgets it. Elka is using rehearsal to keep the information in memory.

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam. Once he had done so, they became ____ memories.

Felicia is a witness in a traffic accident court case. When asked by the attorney to describe what she witnessed, Felicia tells her perspective as she saw it unfold. Felicia's memories of the accident are considered ____ memories.

When an eyewitness to a robbery tries to identify the criminal from a lineup of suspects, he or she is engaging in which memory retrieval process?

Even though Samantha cannot explain how she is able to wiggle her nose, she always remembers how to do it. Samantha's memory for her nose wiggling is an example of ____ memory.

To discourage his children from smoking, a father shows them the extremely graphic pictures of withered, blackened, and perforated lungs of a dead smoker. Afterwards, when confronted with peers offering cigarettes, the "lung pictures" come into the children's minds. This is an example of ____.

Caden can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill, scraping his knee badly.This would best be described as a(n) ____ memory.