Question 1

Edison believes that all psychological disorders have anatomical or chemical causes. He is interested in research that would help to uncover the genetic influences of such disorders. Edison must support the ____ model of psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

Edison's belief in the anatomical and chemical causes of psychological disorders and his interest in studying genetic influences align with the medical model of psychopathology, which views disorders as primarily biological in nature.

Question 2

While interviewing Joe, Dr. Willard discovers that Joe has a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia because his uncle and mother had schizophrenia. Dr. Willard also believes the fact that Joe was homeless for several months after being expelled from school and "disowned" by his parents triggered his schizophrenia. Dr. Willard probably follows the ____ model of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Willard's explanation suggests that Joe's genetic predisposition for schizophrenia (diathesis) was triggered by the stress of being homeless and disowned by his parents. This aligns with the diathesis-stress model, which proposes that psychological disorders arise from the interaction between a person's genetic vulnerability and stressful life experiences. The medical model views psychological disorders as purely biological in nature, the sociocultural model emphasizes social and cultural factors in the development of psychological disorders, and the psychological model focuses on internal psychological processes.

Question 3

Mr. Garrison spends hours each day having conversations with his hand puppet. Mr. Garrison's behavior would be considered abnormal according to all of the following except the ____.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Ayse and Ali are discussing the causes of the high rate of depression among women. Ali points out how early childhood environment affects women's depression when they encounter stress later in life. On the other hand, Ayse thinks that higher rates of depression among women are solely due to oppression of women in a male-dominated society. Ali seems to adopt a ____ approach, whereas Ayse seems to adopt a ____ approach to causes of depression.

Accepted Answer

Ali's view aligns with the diathesis-stress model, which suggests that depression can result from the interaction between pre-existing vulnerabilities (like early childhood environment) and stressful life events. Ayse's perspective focuses on the sociocultural factors, such as oppression in a male-dominated society, as the primary cause of depression among women.

Question 5

Dr. Humber is a psychologist who is diagnosing his patient's psychological disorder. Dr. Humber knows that this might be difficult to do. Which statement is false with regard to classifying disorders?

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 does not use the labels "neurosis" and "psychosis." These terms were used in earlier versions of the DSM, but are no longer used in the current edition. Instead, the DSM-5 uses specific diagnostic criteria for each disorder, rather than broad labels.

Question 6

Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 has been shown to be acceptable for ____, but much lower for ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 has been...

Question 7

Darlene meets Giani at a campus party and thinks that he is cute, but then becomes extremely uncomfortable talking to him because he stands only five inches from her. Giani would be considered abnormal under which criterion?

Accepted Answer

Giani's behavior violates the norm of appropriate distance during social interaction.

Question 8

Huang, who lives in Malaysia, is afraid that one day soon his penis will shrivel and retract into his body, and he will die from this eventually. His psychiatrist realizes that Huang has a condition called koro that is seen almost exclusively in Southeast Asia. In other words, Koro is a ____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Koro is a culture-specific disorder that is only seen in Southeast Asia.

Question 9

Psychopathology is a social matter because ____.

Accepted Answer

Psychopathology is a social matter because mental illness can affect not only the individual but society as a whole. Those with mental disorders often require resources from society including healthcare, financial assistance, and social support. They may also pose a risk to the safety of others in certain situations. Therefore, it is important for society to understand and address mental illness in order to best support individuals and promote overall well-being.

Question 10

As a clinical psychologist, you are concerned with patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, and/or uncomfortable for the person affected or for others. In other words, you are interested in ____.

Accepted Answer

The field of clinical psychology is concerned with the study and treatment of mental disorders, or psychopathology, which encompasses patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for the individual experiencing them or for others. Psychokinesis, psychoanalysis, and psychodiagnosis are specific concepts within the field, but do not encompass the entirety of clinical psychology.

Question 11

All of the following are considered part of the medical model of explaining psychopathology except ____.

Accepted Answer

The medical model of psychopathology focuses on biological and physiological factors as the causes of psychological disorders, including neurobiological factors and genetic influences. Cognitive distortions, however, are considered part of cognitive behavioral theories, not the medical model. The idea of an imbalance of humors is an outdated concept from ancient medicine, not part of the contemporary medical model.

Question 12

To better understand the onset, progression, and treatment of psychological disorders, Phyllis wants to take the most comprehensive and holistic approach. She believes that such an eclectic perspective will most benefit her study. To that end, you should recommend that Phyllis investigate the ____ model of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. This comprehensive approach aligns with Phyllis' goal of understanding abnormality holistically. The vulnerability model emphasizes the importance of individual risk factors, the sociocultural model primarily focuses on cultural and societal influences, and the comorbidity model looks at the presence of multiple disorders in an individual. While these models are not without value, they are not as comprehensive as the biopsychosocial model for Phyllis' purposes.

Question 13

A researcher who subscribes to the psychological model of mental disorder is least likely to investigate ____.

Accepted Answer

The psychological model of mental disorder focuses on the psychological and social factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of mental disorders, rather than the biological factors such as the anatomy and chemistry of the brain. Therefore, a researcher who subscribes to this model would be least likely to investigate disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain.

Question 14

Marsha and Jan are identical twins whose mother and aunt suffer from depression. Marsha falls in love with and marries a wonderful guy, gets her dream job, and wins the lottery. Jan is lonely because she is constantly rejected by guys, hates her job, and despises living next to an airport. In this scenario, ____ is more likely to develop depressive symptoms according to the ____ model.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model proposes that a combination of biological (diathesis) and environmental (stress) factors contribute to the development of psychological disorders. In this scenario, both Marsha and Jan have a biological predisposition to depression through their family history. However, Jan experiences more stressors in her life (such as rejection from guys and living next to an airport) compared to Marsha, which increases her risk of developing depressive symptoms. Therefore, Jan is more likely to develop depressive symptoms according to the diathesis-stress model.

Question 15

Alberta is a psychologist who is trying to assess whether her patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior. Alberta follows a practical approach. Which of the following will not help Alberta decide if her patient has impaired functioning?

Accepted Answer

Genetic predispositions may provide an explanation for certain behaviors, but it does not necessarily determine whether the behavior is abnormal or impairing. Alberta's focus on practical approach would require her to examine the content of the behavior, the sociocultural context, and the behavioral consequences to determine whether her patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior with impaired functioning.

Question 16

Dr. Noonan believes that psychological disorders are the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood. For example, she believes that panic attacks occur when a person's instinctual impulses become too overwhelming. Dr. Noonan believes in the ____ approach to psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Noonan's belief that psychological disorders are the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood is consistent with the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology, which emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early experiences in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 17

Twenty-year-old Elton inherited a predisposition to depression and was brought up by a manic-depressive mother. Until now, Elton has avoided depression, but according to the diathesis-stress model, he may develop depression if he ____. ​

Accepted Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model, individuals with genetic predispositions to mental illness (diathesis) may only develop the illness if they experience significant environmental stressors. Therefore, if Elton encounters very stressful events, he may develop depression. Failing to undergo psychotherapy or failing to recognize his genuine feelings do not necessarily lead to depression. Developing serious diathesis is not a viable option since diathesis is an inherited trait, not something that can be developed.

Question 18

Although mental health researchers have disagreed in the past about the causes of disordered behavior, most researchers in Western cultures now agree that the ____ model best explains the appearance of psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the development of psychopathology. This is the most widely accepted model among mental health researchers in Western cultures.

Question 19

Although Mistee was raised by her mother and grandmother, who both had histories of depression, she had a normal childhood. After college, she lands a high-stress job. She then becomes depressed. Mistee's psychopathology is best explained by the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress approach suggests that individuals with a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) for mental illness may remain healthy unless they are exposed to environmental or emotional stress. In this case, Mistee's familial history of depression suggests a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) for depression, while her high-stress job likely provided the environmental stress that triggered her depression.

Question 20

Being able to play basketball at the skill level of Michael Jordan is very rare. Thus, Michael Jordan might be viewed as abnormal from the ____ approach to defining abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The statistical infrequency approach to defining abnormality involves identifying behaviors or traits that occur infrequently in the population. Michael Jordan's exceptional basketball skills are rare and occur infrequently in the population, which would classify him as abnormal from a statistical infrequency perspective.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

Edison believes that all psychological disorders have anatomical or chemical causes. He is interested in research that would help to uncover the genetic influences of such disorders. Edison must support the ____ model of psychopathology.

Mr. Garrison spends hours each day having conversations with his hand puppet. Mr. Garrison's behavior would be considered abnormal according to all of the following except the ____.

Dr. Humber is a psychologist who is diagnosing his patient's psychological disorder. Dr. Humber knows that this might be difficult to do. Which statement is false with regard to classifying disorders?

Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 has been shown to be acceptable for , but much lower for .

Darlene meets Giani at a campus party and thinks that he is cute, but then becomes extremely uncomfortable talking to him because he stands only five inches from her. Giani would be considered abnormal under which criterion?

Psychopathology is a social matter because ____.

As a clinical psychologist, you are concerned with patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, and/or uncomfortable for the person affected or for others. In other words, you are interested in ____.

All of the following are considered part of the medical model of explaining psychopathology except ____.

A researcher who subscribes to the psychological model of mental disorder is least likely to investigate ____.

Alberta is a psychologist who is trying to assess whether her patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior. Alberta follows a practical approach. Which of the following will not help Alberta decide if her patient has impaired functioning?

Dr. Noonan believes that psychological disorders are the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood. For example, she believes that panic attacks occur when a person's instinctual impulses become too overwhelming. Dr. Noonan believes in the ____ approach to psychopathology.

Twenty-year-old Elton inherited a predisposition to depression and was brought up by a manic-depressive mother. Until now, Elton has avoided depression, but according to the diathesis-stress model, he may develop depression if he ____.

Although mental health researchers have disagreed in the past about the causes of disordered behavior, most researchers in Western cultures now agree that the ____ model best explains the appearance of psychopathology.

Although Mistee was raised by her mother and grandmother, who both had histories of depression, she had a normal childhood. After college, she lands a high-stress job. She then becomes depressed. Mistee's psychopathology is best explained by the ____ approach.

Being able to play basketball at the skill level of Michael Jordan is very rare. Thus, Michael Jordan might be viewed as abnormal from the ____ approach to defining abnormality.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

Edison believes that all psychological disorders have anatomical or chemical causes. He is interested in research that would help to uncover the genetic influences of such disorders. Edison must support the ____ model of psychopathology.

Mr. Garrison spends hours each day having conversations with his hand puppet. Mr. Garrison's behavior would be considered abnormal according to all of the following except the ____.

Dr. Humber is a psychologist who is diagnosing his patient's psychological disorder. Dr. Humber knows that this might be difficult to do. Which statement is false with regard to classifying disorders?

Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 has been shown to be acceptable for ____, but much lower for ____.

Darlene meets Giani at a campus party and thinks that he is cute, but then becomes extremely uncomfortable talking to him because he stands only five inches from her. Giani would be considered abnormal under which criterion?

Psychopathology is a social matter because ____.

As a clinical psychologist, you are concerned with patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, and/or uncomfortable for the person affected or for others. In other words, you are interested in ____.

All of the following are considered part of the medical model of explaining psychopathology except ____.

A researcher who subscribes to the psychological model of mental disorder is least likely to investigate ____.

Alberta is a psychologist who is trying to assess whether her patient is exhibiting abnormal behavior. Alberta follows a practical approach. Which of the following will not help Alberta decide if her patient has impaired functioning?

Dr. Noonan believes that psychological disorders are the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood. For example, she believes that panic attacks occur when a person's instinctual impulses become too overwhelming. Dr. Noonan believes in the ____ approach to psychopathology.

Twenty-year-old Elton inherited a predisposition to depression and was brought up by a manic-depressive mother. Until now, Elton has avoided depression, but according to the diathesis-stress model, he may develop depression if he ____. ​

Although mental health researchers have disagreed in the past about the causes of disordered behavior, most researchers in Western cultures now agree that the ____ model best explains the appearance of psychopathology.

Although Mistee was raised by her mother and grandmother, who both had histories of depression, she had a normal childhood. After college, she lands a high-stress job. She then becomes depressed. Mistee's psychopathology is best explained by the ____ approach.

Being able to play basketball at the skill level of Michael Jordan is very rare. Thus, Michael Jordan might be viewed as abnormal from the ____ approach to defining abnormality.

Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 has been shown to be acceptable for , but much lower for .

Twenty-year-old Elton inherited a predisposition to depression and was brought up by a manic-depressive mother. Until now, Elton has avoided depression, but according to the diathesis-stress model, he may develop depression if he ____.