Question 1

Aster is a proponent of positive psychology. She believes that the DSM-5 should consider ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aster is a proponent of positive psychology....

Question 2

What conclusions does your text consider most reasonable with regard to diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

The text discusses research which highlights potential cognitive biases that may lead to African Americans being diagnosed with more severe mental disorders than their European American counterparts. Therefore, option C is the most reasonable conclusion. Options A and B are not supported by the text, and option D is not a viable solution to the issue discussed.

Question 3

To minimize the cultural biases that may occur during diagnosis, it is suggested that diagnosticians do all of the following except ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To minimize the cultural biases that may...

Question 4

Thomas Szasz has argued that it is wrong to diagnose people as having psychological disorders. Rather, he suggests that people have problems in living. He presents several arguments about why this is a better approach to take. Which of the following is not an argument presented by Szasz?

Accepted Answer

The argument that labeling leads to an incorrect diagnosis is not presented by Szasz.

Question 5

According to the biological model, anxiety disorders develop because of ____.

Accepted Answer

The biological model posits that anxiety disorders are caused by a genetic or biological predisposition to develop severe anxiety. This may include imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, as well as abnormalities in the structure and function of the brain. While societal pressures and learned coping mechanisms may contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety, they are not the primary cause according to the biological model. Similarly, physical conditions or diseases may contribute to anxiety symptoms but are not the root cause of anxiety disorders according to this model.

Question 6

Samuel avoids speaking in public. He's extremely afraid of appearing stupid and can't stand the thought of being embarrassed. Samuel suffers from ____.

Accepted Answer

Samuel's fear of speaking in public and fear of appearing stupid and being embarrassed are symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves repetitive behaviors or thoughts, agoraphobia is fear of being in public places, and panic disorder involves sudden and intense panic attacks.

Question 7

Whenever Martin sees a cat, he runs away in fear. In fact, Martin can't even look at pictures of cats without experiencing intense feelings of anxiety. Martin appears to be suffering from ____.

Accepted Answer

Martin's fear and avoidance are specific to cats, indicating that he is experiencing a specific phobia. Agoraphobia involves fear and avoidance of places or situations where escape may be difficult, social phobia involves fear of social situations, and panic disorder involves recurrent panic attacks.

Question 8

For the last two months Thomas has been worried that something bad is going to happen. He can't pinpoint the source of this feeling, but he is jumpy, irritable, can't sleep, and can't concentrate. His symptoms suggest that he may be suffering from ____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Thomas is experiencing a persistent and excessive sense of apprehension and worry, which is indicative of generalized anxiety disorder. His physiological symptoms such as difficulty sleeping and concentrating further support this diagnosis. Dissociative disorder involves a disruption in one's consciousness, memory, or identity, which is not evident in this scenario. Panic disorder typically involves sudden and recurring panic attacks, which are not mentioned here. Conversion disorder manifests as physical symptoms without a medical explanation, which is not provided in the scenario.

Question 9

Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____.
Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____. Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____.

Accepted Answer

The other three symptoms are commonly associated with anxiety disorders. Panic attacks involve sudden and intense fear or discomfort, free-floating anxiety is a general feeling of unease without a specific trigger, and disruption in daily functioning refers to difficulty carrying out normal activities due to anxiety. However, a split between affect (emotions) and cognition (thoughts) is not a typical symptom of anxiety disorders.

Question 10

Two psychologists interview the same patient and give her two different diagnoses. This illustrates the problem of ____.

Accepted Answer

Low interrater reliability refers to the lack of consistency between two or more raters in their judgments or diagnoses of a particular subject. This scenario described in the question highlights the issue of inconsistency between two psychologists in their diagnoses of the same patient, indicating low interrater reliability. High diagnostic specificity refers to the ability of a diagnostic tool or test to accurately identify the true positives while minimizing false positives. Statistical conformity is not a concept related to this scenario, and the neurotic-psychotic distinction is a diagnostic classification system that is not directly relevant to the given scenario.

Question 11

Claudia has not left her house in ten years. If she steps on the front porch she becomes so uneasy that she has to return inside. Claudia is most likely suffering from ____, which is a(n)____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Claudia's fear of leaving her house is indicative of agoraphobia, which is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being in situations or places where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where help may not be available in the event of a panic attack or other distressing symptoms.

Question 12

Ivan has been worried for months, but he really cannot pinpoint the source of his concerns. He is also jumpy and irritable, and has difficulty sleeping. Ivan is probably experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

Ivan's symptoms suggest he is experiencing generalized anxiety disorder, which is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a range of events or activities, along with physical symptoms such as restlessness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. A phobia would involve a specific fear of a particular object or situation, while panic disorder would involve sudden and intense episodes of fear or panic. Somatoform pain disorder would involve physical pain that is not fully explained by a medical condition.

Question 13

Researchers are exploring whether a single dimension called the ____ is a common feature in all forms of psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

The "p factor" is a proposed single dimension that underlies all forms of psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. This theory suggests that there is a general liability for developing mental health issues, rather than separate, distinct disorders. Domain criteria refer to the specific symptoms or behaviors that are used to diagnose specific disorders, while the D factor and brain factor are not currently recognized as proposed dimensions of psychopathology.

Question 14

According to Thomas Szasz, the concept of mental illness ____.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Szasz argued that mental illness is a metaphorical concept and that the use of medical language to describe mental disorders is both inappropriate and harmful. He believed that mental health issues are not inherent biological conditions, but rather issues of living, such as living unhappily or in a dysfunctional environment. Therefore, the concept of mental illness is inappropriate and harmful.

Question 15

Grace is sitting in class when, without warning, her heart began to pound, her chest felt tight, and a feeling of dizziness came over her. She felt extremely fearful. Over the next few weeks, the same thing happened several times. Her doctor cannot find anything wrong with her heart. Grace is probably suffering from ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Grace is sitting in class when, without...

Question 16

Lynae is terrified of going into elevators. The last time she was in one, she experienced intense heart palpitations, pressure in her chest, sweating, and dizziness. Lynae most likely had ____.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with a panic attack, which commonly occurs in individuals with a specific phobia, such as a fear of elevators (also known as claustrophobia). Conversion disorder involves physical symptoms without a clear medical cause. Dysthymic disorder is a chronic depressive disorder, and pain disorder involves physical pain without a clear medical cause.

Question 17

Which reasoning is least valid in explaining the misdiagnosis of psychological problems?

Accepted Answer

This is the least valid reasoning because there is indeed an accepted diagnostic classification system for psychological problems, which is the DSM-5. While there are certainly limitations to the DSM-5, it is widely accepted as the primary tool for diagnosing psychological disorders. A, B, and C are all valid factors that contribute to misdiagnosis, as people's problems can be complex and not fit into a single category, there is subjectivity in determining what constitutes "clinically significant impairment," and cultural differences can impact how distress is expressed and perceived.

Question 18

Alexia is content to stay in her house because she becomes nervous and afraid when she ventures too far from home. Alexia is probably suffering from ____.

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety or panic in situations where a person perceives their environment to be unsafe or difficult to leave, such as being outside of the home. This can lead to avoidance of certain places or situations.

Question 19

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)has organized an initiative to focus on ____ that rather than diagnostic labels in order to increase diagnostic validity.

Accepted Answer

The NIMH has emphasized focusing on observable behaviors rather than diagnostic labels to enhance the validity of diagnoses. This approach aims to base diagnoses on measurable, objective criteria.

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered to be an anxiety disorder? ​

Accepted Answer

Dissociative disorder is not an anxiety disorder, but rather a disorder in which individuals experience disruptions to their consciousness, memory, self-identity, or perception of the environment. Examples of dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

Aster is a proponent of positive psychology. She believes that the DSM-5 should consider ____.

What conclusions does your text consider most reasonable with regard to diagnosis?

To minimize the cultural biases that may occur during diagnosis, it is suggested that diagnosticians do all of the following except ____.

Thomas Szasz has argued that it is wrong to diagnose people as having psychological disorders. Rather, he suggests that people have problems in living. He presents several arguments about why this is a better approach to take. Which of the following is not an argument presented by Szasz?

According to the biological model, anxiety disorders develop because of ____.

Samuel avoids speaking in public. He's extremely afraid of appearing stupid and can't stand the thought of being embarrassed. Samuel suffers from ____.

Whenever Martin sees a cat, he runs away in fear. In fact, Martin can't even look at pictures of cats without experiencing intense feelings of anxiety. Martin appears to be suffering from ____.

For the last two months Thomas has been worried that something bad is going to happen. He can't pinpoint the source of this feeling, but he is jumpy, irritable, can't sleep, and can't concentrate. His symptoms suggest that he may be suffering from ____ disorder.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except . Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except . Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except .

Two psychologists interview the same patient and give her two different diagnoses. This illustrates the problem of ____.

Claudia has not left her house in ten years. If she steps on the front porch she becomes so uneasy that she has to return inside. Claudia is most likely suffering from , which is a(n) disorder.

Ivan has been worried for months, but he really cannot pinpoint the source of his concerns. He is also jumpy and irritable, and has difficulty sleeping. Ivan is probably experiencing ____.

Researchers are exploring whether a single dimension called the ____ is a common feature in all forms of psychopathology.

According to Thomas Szasz, the concept of mental illness ____.

Lynae is terrified of going into elevators. The last time she was in one, she experienced intense heart palpitations, pressure in her chest, sweating, and dizziness. Lynae most likely had ____.

Which reasoning is least valid in explaining the misdiagnosis of psychological problems?

Alexia is content to stay in her house because she becomes nervous and afraid when she ventures too far from home. Alexia is probably suffering from ____.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has organized an initiative to focus on ____ that rather than diagnostic labels in order to increase diagnostic validity.

Which of the following is not considered to be an anxiety disorder?

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders

Aster is a proponent of positive psychology. She believes that the DSM-5 should consider ____.

What conclusions does your text consider most reasonable with regard to diagnosis?

To minimize the cultural biases that may occur during diagnosis, it is suggested that diagnosticians do all of the following except ____.

Thomas Szasz has argued that it is wrong to diagnose people as having psychological disorders. Rather, he suggests that people have problems in living. He presents several arguments about why this is a better approach to take. Which of the following is not an argument presented by Szasz?

According to the biological model, anxiety disorders develop because of ____.

Samuel avoids speaking in public. He's extremely afraid of appearing stupid and can't stand the thought of being embarrassed. Samuel suffers from ____.

Whenever Martin sees a cat, he runs away in fear. In fact, Martin can't even look at pictures of cats without experiencing intense feelings of anxiety. Martin appears to be suffering from ____.

For the last two months Thomas has been worried that something bad is going to happen. He can't pinpoint the source of this feeling, but he is jumpy, irritable, can't sleep, and can't concentrate. His symptoms suggest that he may be suffering from ____ disorder.

Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____. Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____. Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except ____.

Two psychologists interview the same patient and give her two different diagnoses. This illustrates the problem of ____.

Claudia has not left her house in ten years. If she steps on the front porch she becomes so uneasy that she has to return inside. Claudia is most likely suffering from ____, which is a(n) ____ disorder.

Ivan has been worried for months, but he really cannot pinpoint the source of his concerns. He is also jumpy and irritable, and has difficulty sleeping. Ivan is probably experiencing ____.

Researchers are exploring whether a single dimension called the ____ is a common feature in all forms of psychopathology.

According to Thomas Szasz, the concept of mental illness ____.

Lynae is terrified of going into elevators. The last time she was in one, she experienced intense heart palpitations, pressure in her chest, sweating, and dizziness. Lynae most likely had ____.

Which reasoning is least valid in explaining the misdiagnosis of psychological problems?

Alexia is content to stay in her house because she becomes nervous and afraid when she ventures too far from home. Alexia is probably suffering from ____.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has organized an initiative to focus on ____ that rather than diagnostic labels in order to increase diagnostic validity.

Which of the following is not considered to be an anxiety disorder? ​

Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except . Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except . Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except .

Claudia has not left her house in ten years. If she steps on the front porch she becomes so uneasy that she has to return inside. Claudia is most likely suffering from , which is a(n) disorder.

Which of the following is not considered to be an anxiety disorder?