Question 1

What "self" do we play in the presence of other people?

Accepted Answer

The "interpersonal self" refers to the aspect of our identity that we present and adapt in social interactions with others.

Question 2

Julia is an attractive young woman, but she often compares herself critically to magazine models and celebrities on television. This type of social comparison is a sign of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Comparing oneself unfavorably to others who are perceived as having more desirable qualities or achievements is a common symptom of low self-esteem.

Question 3

What is the relationship between self-esteem and school performance?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is a modest positive correlation between self-esteem and school grades. This means that students with higher levels of self-esteem tend to perform slightly better in school than those with lower levels of self-esteem. However, it's important to note that self-esteem is just one of many factors that can influence school performance, and it's not a guarantee of academic success.

Question 4

Geert Hofstede compared cultures on five different dimensions related to a continuum of individualism and collectivism. Compared to the Japanese, Americans were ____. more assertive and competitive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Geert Hofstede compared cultures on five different...

Question 5

Ian is a very serious and capable medical student. At home with his mother, though, he becomes a joyous boy again, telling her stories about his classes and professors and making her laugh. This implies that the interpersonal self is ____.

Accepted Answer

The interpersonal self is flexible and complex, as it can change depending on the social context and the people one is interacting with, as seen in Ian's different behaviors at school and at home.

Question 6

Based on research (Gardner, Gabriel & Lee, 1999), which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that independent and interdependent views of the self are universal human tendencies that can be modified by a person's experiences and situation. It doesn't support the idea that these views are either genetically determined or stable and unchanging. It also mentions collectivistic values, but only as one aspect of interdependence. Therefore, C is the best choice.

Question 7

In current psychological discussions of the self, influences on the interpersonal self fall into two categories: ____.

Accepted Answer

The two categories of influences on the interpersonal self are a person's significant others and the social groups to which the person belongs. This includes friends, family, and other important individuals in their lives, as well as larger social contexts such as cultural groups or organizations. Option A is too narrow in focus, as it solely refers to a person's family and friends. Option B is a possible interpretation of significant others, but it doesn't encompass social groups. Option D is also too narrow, as it only refers to a person's family members across generations.

Question 8

Michael grew up in an individualistic culture. He is most likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

Individuals raised in individualistic cultures tend to value independence and self-reliance, often preferring to pursue their own goals and ambitions without relying too heavily on the support or guidance of others. They may be more likely to prioritize personal achievements and accomplishments over social relationships or hierarchies. Therefore, Michael is most likely to move to the other side of the country from his parents to start his own architectural firm.

Question 9

East Asians have a much higher probability of having the S allele of the serotonin transporter gene than people living in many other parts of the world. There is a positive correlation between the percentage of S allele carriers and a culture's rating on a scale from individualistic to collectivistic. What does this correlation mean at the population level? How do individuals with the S allele vary from those with the L allele, individually and within societal context?

Accepted Answer

The answer of East Asians have a much higher probability...

Question 10

Which person is most likely to provide constructive criticism within a group?

Accepted Answer

A person with high self-esteem is more likely to provide constructive criticism as they are generally more confident and secure in their abilities, allowing them to offer feedback in a positive and helpful manner.

Question 11

Which qualities best describe collectivism?

Accepted Answer

Collectivism emphasizes interdependence, cooperation, and prioritizing group goals over individual goals, which aligns with the qualities listed in option A.

Question 12

Joseph received a C− on two algebra exams in a row. The principal's office automatically sent him a standard, encouraging email intended to boost the self-esteem of any student who does poorly on two assignments in a row in any subject. According to a research study described in the text, what is the most likely consequence of the email?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that receiving generic, encouraging messages without specific feedback or strategies for improvement can lead to complacency or lack of motivation, potentially resulting in poorer performance.

Question 13

Lia grew up in a collectivistic culture and is in the yearly high school theatre production. She is most likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

In a collectivist culture, individuals place greater emphasis on the success of the group as a whole rather than individual success. As a result, Lia is likely to take pride in contributing to the success of the play as a team member behind the scenes rather than seeking individual recognition for a starring role.

Question 14

Which part of the brain appears to play a special role in distinguishing our own faces from those of other people?

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the brain is known to be more involved in facial recognition, including distinguishing one's own face from others.

Question 15

The processing of the self in the brain takes place primarily in ____.

Accepted Answer

The processing of the self in the brain is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that involves a widely distributed network of brain structures, including the prefrontal cortex, the insula, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the temporal lobes. While the frontal areas of the brain do play a significant role in self-processing, they are only one part of this larger network. Additionally, both the left and right hemispheres contribute to the processing of the self, as it involves both cognitive and emotional processes that are distributed throughout the brain. Therefore, B is the best answer as it encompasses the broader and more accurate understanding of self-processing in the brain.

Question 16

Joanna, a high school junior, is traveling on her own for the first time. She is flying to Chicago to visit her cousins and reflects on the visit during her plane trip. Joanna is experiencing her ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Joanna, a high school junior, is traveling...

Question 17

According to terror management theory, self-esteem works together with a cultural worldview to ____.

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory suggests that self-esteem and cultural worldviews help buffer individuals from the fear of death by providing a sense of meaning and value in life.

Question 18

Jim is on a diet. At his office, his co-workers often bring in donuts, cookies, and other snacks for the group. He has done fairly well in resisting the temptations each day. How does he likely feel by late afternoon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jim is on a diet. At his...

Question 19

Elena's brother was diagnosed with schizophrenia when he was in his twenties. Sometimes he reports that his neighbors are trying to control his behavior through the television set. Which part of the brain shows excess activity during such delusions of control?

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the brain is often associated with processing delusions and hallucinations, which are common symptoms in schizophrenia.

Question 20

Where in the brain does self-referential processing-the processing of information relevant to ourselves but not others-occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where in the brain does self-referential processing-the...

Quiz 12: The Individual Mind: Personality and the Self