Joanne's Puppy Is Very Large, but Also Submissive

Joanne's puppy is very large, but also submissive. When the puppy meets a more dominant dog, she lies on the grass on her back, shows her belly, and wiggles. This is an example of ____.

A) minimizing within-group conflict by clear signals of lower status
B) maximizing between-group conflict by clear signals of lower status
C) maximizing within-group conflict by clear signals of higher status
D) minimizing between-group conflict by clear signals of higher status