Question 1

Joanne's puppy is very large, but also submissive. When the puppy meets a more dominant dog, she lies on the grass on her back, shows her belly, and wiggles. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

The puppy's behavior is a submissive gesture to minimize conflict within the group by clearly signaling lower status to the more dominant dog.

Question 2

What are the three dimensions of close relationships according to Sternberg's model?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love identifies three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment, which together form different types of love relationships.

Question 3

In Sternberg's model, the closeness or bonding we experience with another person is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, intimacy refers to the emotional closeness, warmth, and sharing that we experience with another person. Passion refers to the intense physical attraction and excitement that we feel, while commitment involves the decision to stay with someone and make a long-term investment in the relationship. Infatuation is a fleeting and obsessive emotion characterized by an intense physical attraction without depth of connection. Therefore, the correct answer is C: intimacy.

Question 4

Which of the following is identified in your text as "a dominant factor in romantic attraction"?

Accepted Answer

Physical appearance is often cited as a dominant factor in initial romantic attraction, as it is one of the first attributes noticed and can strongly influence first impressions.

Question 5

Luke and Laura both come from families where their parents divorced when they were very young. They would like their marriage to last, so they try to share household and childcare responsibilities and provide each other with some time to pursue individual interests or relax. Their relationship could be described as ____.

Accepted Answer

Luke and Laura's relationship is described as equitable because they share responsibilities and support each other's individual interests, indicating a balanced and fair partnership.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding physical attraction?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that subjective judgments of physical attractiveness are heavily influenced by symmetry. Symmetry is seen as a marker of genetic fitness and health, which may explain why it is valued so highly in terms of physical attractiveness. While cultural definitions of physical beauty may vary, there is a general consensus across cultures that symmetry is an important marker of physical attractiveness. There is no evidence to suggest that subjective judgments of beauty are not present until they are taught or that women prioritize symmetry while men prioritize curves.

Question 7

Jeremy and Bianca have been married for many years. They enjoy traveling to places in which they can explore the landscape by hiking, climbing, and canoeing. What factor best explains why this activity has helped maintain their relationship over time?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in novel and exciting activities can help maintain a relationship by fostering shared experiences and keeping the relationship dynamic and interesting.

Question 8

Rebecca was always very close to her Aunt Rose. During her aunt's final stage of illness, she helped her as much as she could. Their relationship could best be described as ____.

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is characterized by deep affection, attachment, and commitment, which fits the supportive and caring relationship between Rebecca and her Aunt Rose.

Question 9

Craig and Beth have been a couple for over a year. When they first met, Beth was always late for class and Craig liked to be early. Now they tend to get to class on time and are increasingly similar in other respects as well. This reflects a process known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Attitude alignment refers to the process where individuals in a relationship become more similar over time in their attitudes and behaviors, as seen with Craig and Beth.

Question 10

Regarding infidelity in a relationship, women are most distressed by a partner ____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women are more likely to be emotionally affected by a partner becoming deeply emotionally involved with another person rather than just a physical infidelity such as a one-night stand or sexual relationship.

Question 11

Which of the following is a quality of groups where groupthink may take place?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is the phenomenon that occurs when group members prioritize group cohesion and consensus over their own personal beliefs and critical thinking. This can occur when group members already share similar attitudes and beliefs, making it easier for them to come to a quick agreement without considering alternative options. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it describes a quality of groups where groupthink is likely to occur. Choices A and B describe qualities that would help prevent groupthink, while choice C describes a group atmosphere that is unlikely to result in any significant decision-making, let alone groupthink.

Question 12

Sandra and Derek have always had some friction in their relationship. Early on, they called it passion. After 12 years of marriage, it seems that their negative interactions now exceed their positive ones. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

When negative interactions exceed positive ones in a relationship, it often indicates increased dissatisfaction and conflict, which can raise the likelihood of the relationship ending.

Question 13

What does the term mere exposure effect mean?

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect refers to the idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus (such as a person, object, or idea) can increase our liking or preference for that stimulus. This is based on the idea that familiarity breeds liking, and that the more we are exposed to something, the more comfortable and familiar it becomes, leading us to like it more.

Question 14

What might be a purpose of the mere exposure effect from an evolutionary perspective?

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect may have evolved to help individuals avoid unfamiliar and potentially dangerous stimuli, as familiarity often signals safety and non-threat.

Question 15

Lucia has always been what some researchers call a cooperator; that is, someone who gives freely of her time, her money, and so forth, usually irrespective of the behavior of others. Cooperators, though small in number in society, are very important because most people are ____.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that cooperators are small in number and most people are not cooperators. It further explains that reciprocators are the larger portion of society, but they only cooperate after seeing others do so. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 16

People tend to choose friends and romantic partners who ____.

Accepted Answer

This is known as homophily or the principle of similarity, where individuals tend to associate and form relationships with others who share similar characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, values, education, and age. This could be due to the preference for familiarity and comfort in shared experiences and values, making it easier to establish rapport and trust.

Question 17

Biologists have cataloged many species that determine the allocation of mating opportunities, food, and other resources, both within and between groups, by ____.

Accepted Answer

Biologists have observed that many species use competition, often in the form of fighting, to determine the allocation of resources such as mating opportunities and food. This is seen in species such as lions, where male lions compete with each other for access to females, or in birds where males may display aggressive behaviors towards other males in order to attract mates. While cooperation and communication can also play a role in resource allocation, competition through fighting is often observed as a critical factor. Altruistic behavior, while important in some species, is not typically the primary determinant of resource allocation within or between groups.

Question 18

Eddie and Tom have been arrested for a crime for which the police have limited evidence against them. They are being questioned about the crime in separate rooms. According to the prisoner's dilemma model, what would bring about the best result for Eddie?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eddie and Tom have been arrested for...

Question 19

Jessica, Zach, and their dog Max have been together for 12years. Their friends joke that they all look alike. Jessica and Zach are both very attractive with dark hair and dark eyes. This similarity is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis suggests that people are more likely to form and succeed in a committed relationship with someone who is equally socially desirable, often in terms of physical attractiveness.

Question 20

The importance of group membership to survival is reflected in the remarkable loyalty human beings show to ____.

Accepted Answer

The sentence specifically refers to "culturally defined groups" as being the source of human beings' remarkable loyalty, indicating that this is the best answer choice. While family members may also be a source of loyalty, the sentence does not indicate that this is the only or primary source. The subject matter of one's work is not mentioned at all in the sentence and is therefore an incorrect answer choice.

Quiz 13: The Connected Mind: Social Psychology