Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding happiness?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that happiness may increase or decrease due to changes in circumstances, such as getting a promotion, but the effect may only be temporary. True happiness is not solely determined by external factors but also by internal factors such as mindset and perspective. While wealth and purchasing power may bring temporary pleasure, true and lasting happiness comes from within. Therefore, option A is incorrect. Option B is also incorrect as research suggests that a person's level of happiness can be changed and improved. Option C is an oversimplification of a complex topic and is not supported by research.

Question 2

In the United States, how did the life expectancy of Black Americans compare to the life expectancy of White Americans in 2010?

Accepted Answer

In 2010, the life expectancy of Black Americans was 3.8 years less than that of White Americans.

Question 3

The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study is using an integrated model of health to address gaps in understanding about the relationships between social, emotional, and cognitive impairments and prior ____.

Accepted Answer

The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study specifically focuses on the relationships between childhood experiences, such as abuse and neglect, and social, emotional, and cognitive impairments. Choices A, B, and C are not specifically mentioned in relation to the study's integrated model of health.

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding biology and alcohol use?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that certain types of genes found primarily in Asians are correlated with lower rates of alcohol dependence. These genes affect how quickly the body breaks down alcohol, leading to a buildup of acetaldehyde, which causes unpleasant symptoms such as flushing and nausea. This genetic variation may contribute to lower rates of alcohol dependence in Asian populations.

Question 5

Positive psychology is an approach to psychology that emphasizes ____.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology emphasizes normal behavior and human strengths, rather than focusing solely on mental illness, weakness, and pathology. It focuses on promoting well-being, happiness, and a sense of purpose in life, rather than just treating or preventing negative symptoms.

Question 6

Mariette has been a heavy drinker for many years, and as a result she has suffered a moderate level of liver damage. She is now attempting to quit drinking, as her doctor has told her that if the behaviors do not stop she could suffer irreversible liver failure. She does some research and learns that the liver ____.

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for clearing the body of toxins, including alcohol.

Question 7

Sitting predicts risk of death independently from a person's level of exercise. Based on the average person who sits 55% of their day, how many in that group would have died after 13 years of follow-up?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that prolonged sitting is associated with an increased risk of mortality, and studies have shown that about 13% of people who sit for 55% of their day may die after 13 years of follow-up.

Question 8

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2014), more than one quarter of the adult population of the United States had engaged in an episode of binge drinking in the past month. Binge drinking is defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

Binge drinking is defined as consuming five or more drinks on a single occasion for men, and four or more drinks on a single occasion for women, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it correctly identifies the definition of binge drinking.

Question 9

There are many interactions among the variables of stress, sleep, nutrition, smoking, alcohol use, and exercise. Which of these behaviors are affected by our social context?

Accepted Answer

All these behaviors can be influenced by social context, as social norms, peer pressure, and cultural factors can impact stress levels, sleep patterns, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise routines.

Question 10

Which group encouraged the shift from the study of the abnormal and unhealthy in psychology to the study of outstanding individuals and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

The humanists, such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasized the study of healthy, self-actualizing individuals and focused on personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 11

For our hunter-gatherer ancestors to survive, physical activity was essential. Today, what do children and adults in the United States spend an average of 55% of their day doing?

Accepted Answer

Children and adults in the United States spend an average of 55% of their day sitting, often due to sedentary activities like working at a desk, watching TV, or using electronic devices.

Question 12

Poverty, discrimination, and violence are among the possible variables that account for increased mental health problems among minorities in the United States. Which of the following statements is true in this regard?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people living in poverty experience higher rates of mental health problems due to the additional stressors they face, such as discrimination and violence. In contrast, option A is incorrect as mental health research has historically not focused enough on the experiences of minorities. Option C is also incorrect as people living in poverty often have limited access to affordable mental health services. Option D is incorrect as research has shown that minorities experience higher rates of stress-related health problems and disorders due to societal inequalities and discrimination they experience.

Question 13

Who foreshadowed the development of positive psychology by considering what makes some people healthy minded and others to have a sick soul in his book, The Varieties of Religious Experience ?

Accepted Answer

William James foreshadowed the development of positive psychology in his book, The Varieties of Religious Experience, by considering what makes some people healthy minded and others to have a sick soul.

Question 14

Oscar is 75 years old. His doctor has encouraged him to walk briskly each day in order to maintain or improve his cognitive performance. What is the most likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Exercise, such as brisk walking, can improve cardiovascular health, which in turn enhances the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the brain, supporting cognitive function.

Question 15

Martin Seligman, whose experiments led to the theory of learned helplessness, also proposed that one can learn to ____.

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman proposed the concept of "learned optimism," which involves learning to think positively about the future.

Question 16

Jack has been drinking daily for many years. He finds that over time, he has had to increase the amount he drinks to feel the same buzz. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance occurs when a person needs to consume more of a substance to achieve the same effects that they previously experienced with smaller amounts.

Question 17

The United States, despite its high standard of living, ranks 36th among countries of the world in terms of life expectancy according to data from the United Nations (2007). What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

Wealth alone is not sufficient to guarantee good health, as life expectancy is influenced by various factors including healthcare quality, lifestyle, and social determinants of health.

Question 18

What is one of the ways in which positive psychology differs from humanism?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology places a greater emphasis on scientific reasoning and empirical research compared to humanism. While humanism also values the importance of research, it places a greater emphasis on subjective experiences and individual growth and potential. Trait theory and personality types are not exclusive to positive psychology or humanism, and stages of psychosexual development and defense mechanisms are concepts in psychoanalytic theory rather than positive psychology or humanism.

Question 19

Treatment for very heavy drinkers often requires medical supervision because withdrawal from alcohol ____.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal from alcohol can be dangerous for heavy drinkers, as it can produce life-threatening seizures. Medical supervision is often necessary to ensure that the patient safely detoxes from alcohol.

Question 20

Which of the following teenagers appears to have the lowest risk for alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following teenagers appears to...

Quiz 16: The Healthy Mind: Stress and Coping, Health Psychology, and Positive Psychology