Question 1

Binet and Simon originally developed the concept of "mental age" as a criterion for helping them distinguish:

Accepted Answer

Binet and Simon developed the concept of "mental age" to help distinguish between children who could learn in a regular school setting and those who required special instruction, aiming to tailor educational approaches to individual needs.

Question 2

Whose intelligence test was the first to use the concept of an intelligence quotient?

Accepted Answer

Lewis Terman was the first to use the concept of an intelligence quotient (IQ) in his revision of the Binet-Simon scale, which became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales.

Question 3

In the United States, ____ Americans tend to score highest on intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

Asian Americans tend to score highest on intelligence tests in the United States, according to various studies and analyses of standardized testing data. This is a general trend observed in the data and does not reflect individual capabilities or intelligence.

Question 4

The fact that children with higher IQ scores tend to come from homes that provide them with cognitively challenging materials such as puzzles and books BEST supports the theory that:

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors, such as the availability of cognitively challenging materials, can influence intelligence, indicating that intelligence is not solely determined by genetics.

Question 5

Tabitha's intelligence quotient is 100. She is 12 years old, so her mental age must be ____.

Accepted Answer

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is calculated as (Mental Age / Chronological Age) * 100. Given Tabitha's IQ is 100 and her chronological age is 12, her mental age must also be 12 to maintain the ratio at 100.

Question 6

Dr. Azikiwe is devising an intelligence test containing items that relate to experiences common to all people around the world. Dr. Azikiwe is MOST likely attempting to develop a(n):

Accepted Answer

Dr. Azikiwe's goal of creating an intelligence test with items common to all people globally suggests an attempt to minimize cultural biases, which aligns with the concept of a culture-fair intelligence test.

Question 7

The basic premise of a hereditary view concerning the nature of intelligence is that:

Accepted Answer

The hereditary view of intelligence suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining intelligence. Therefore, the more closely related two individuals are (e.g., siblings), the more similar their intelligence levels (as measured by IQ scores) are likely to be, leading to a positive correlation between their scores. Choices B, C, and D contradict the hereditary perspective by downplaying or dismissing the role of genetics in intelligence.

Question 8

IQ scores are:

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have been shown to be good predictors of both school success and occupational success, correlating with academic performance and job performance across a variety of settings.

Question 9

Which data suggest the strongest link between heredity and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, so a high correlation in IQ scores among identical twins suggests a strong genetic component to intelligence.

Question 10

____ ability involves the realization that a solution will actually work.

Accepted Answer

Practical ability involves understanding how to apply solutions in real-world scenarios, ensuring that they are effective and work as intended.

Question 11

Which evidence BEST demonstrates an environmental impact on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The rapid increase in average WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) scores over the past 25 years suggests an environmental impact on intelligence, as genetic factors would not change significantly in such a short period. This phenomenon, often referred to as the Flynn effect, highlights the role of environmental factors such as education, nutrition, and overall living conditions in influencing intelligence test scores.

Question 12

On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined:

Accepted Answer

Modern IQ tests use a norm-referenced approach, comparing an individual's performance to the average performance of others in the same age group. This method allows for a more standardized and equitable assessment of intelligence across different populations.

Question 13

Self-discipline is _____, but _____ than IQ test scores.

Accepted Answer

Self-discipline has been shown in research to be a significant predictor of school success, often even more so than IQ test scores. This suggests that the ability to regulate one's behavior and impulses can have a greater impact on academic performance than cognitive ability alone.

Question 14

The typical correlation between a child's IQ test score and their classroom grade is about ____.

Accepted Answer

The typical correlation between a child's IQ test score and their classroom grade is about +.6, indicating a moderate to strong positive relationship.

Question 15

If the following children all have a mental age of 10, who has the highest IQ?

Accepted Answer

IQ is calculated as (Mental Age / Physical Age) * 100. Sheldon, being 5 years old with a mental age of 10, would have the highest IQ because his mental age is twice his physical age, resulting in an IQ of 200.

Question 16

Julia loves to cook. While she is capable of reciting a large number of complete recipes and she often comes up with flamboyant dishes, the truth of the matter is that none of her recipes ever tastes very good, and she is always putting the uneaten leftovers in the refrigerator after evening dinners with her family. This indicates that on this task, Julia would rate poorly in ____ ability.

Accepted Answer

Julia's situation indicates a lack of practical ability because, despite her creativity and knowledge in cooking, her dishes do not taste good, leading to uneaten leftovers. Practical ability involves applying knowledge effectively in real-world scenarios, which she struggles with in making her dishes appealing to eat.

Question 17

Newt has a mental age of 10. That means Newt:

Accepted Answer

Mental age refers to the age level at which an individual performs intellectually, measured by standardized tests. If Newt has a mental age of 10, it means Newt passed test problems that an average 10-year-old would pass, not necessarily reflecting Newt's chronological age, IQ, or whether they are a genius.

Question 18

Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test in order to:

Accepted Answer

Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test primarily to identify children who would need special help in school, aiming to provide appropriate educational resources and support.

Question 19

Which of these is NOT an example of how test-taking skills can have a negative effect on test scores?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is NOT an example...

Question 20

Which statement concerning ethnicity and intelligence is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Ethnic differences in intelligence test scores can be influenced by various environmental factors such as socioeconomic status, education, and cultural experiences, rather than being solely determined by genetics. This acknowledges the complexity of intelligence and the impact of external conditions on cognitive development.

Quiz 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood