Question 1

Which of the following is a formal guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class?

Accepted Answer

A conceptual rule is a formal guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class. A prototype is a typical example of a concept or category, connotative meaning refers to the emotional or cultural associations of a word, and a lexigram is a symbol used to represent a word or concept.

Question 2

If you have good kinesthetic imagery, you most likely will be able to

Accepted Answer

Kinesthetic imagery refers to the ability to create mental images related to movement and bodily sensation. Therefore, if you have good kinesthetic imagery, it is likely that you will be able to learn new dance steps quickly, making option B the best choice. Options A, C, and D are all unrelated to kinesthetic imagery.

Question 3

To communicate their experiences to others, wine connoisseurs must put taste sensations into words. Thus, wine tasting illustrates the

Accepted Answer

Wine tasting involves translating sensory experiences into verbal descriptions, showcasing the encoding function of language, where thoughts or sensations are converted into a communicable form.

Question 4

Regarding concepts and concept formation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The false statement is D because both children and adults typically do not use algorithms for making minute distinctions between closely related concepts. Instead, they rely on experience, intuition, and learned conceptual rules. Algorithms imply a step-by-step computational procedure, which is not how humans generally process or distinguish between concepts in everyday life.

Question 5

A speaker of Kuuk Thaayorre, the language of the Cape York Australian aboriginals, would say "Melbourne is south of Cape York" as well as saying "The dessert spoon is west of the coffee cup." Thus, for long and short distances speakers of Kuuk Thaayorre use which type of directional reference?

Accepted Answer

Kuuk Thaayorre uses absolute directional reference, which means they always refer to cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) regardless of the distance. This is different from relative directional reference, which uses left and right based on the speaker's orientation. Kuuk Thaayorre speakers use cardinal directions for both long and short distances, as seen in the examples given.

Question 6

You are asked to circle the word that does not belong in the series: skyscraper , cathedral, temple, prayer. Another student is asked to circle the word that does not belong in the series: cathedral, prayer, temple, skyscraper . If you circled "prayer" and the other student circled "skyscraper," the difference in your answers would be due to

Accepted Answer

The difference in answers is due to context. The first student is thinking in terms of buildings, while the second student is thinking in terms of religious places. Therefore, the word that stands out as not belonging varies between the two.

Question 7

Alice told her friend that she felt like she was in the "spotlight" when she made a comment in class.   In this example, the word "spotlight" is being used to reflect its

Accepted Answer

The term "spotlight" is used metaphorically to describe the feeling of being the center of attention, which reflects its connotative meaning, or the emotional or cultural association attached to the word beyond its literal definition.

Question 8

When you choose what clothes to wear or figure out how to arrange furniture in a room, you are using mental images to

Accepted Answer

Mental images help us make decisions and solve problems by visualizing the possible outcomes of different options.

Question 9

Intense problem-solving and planning require

Accepted Answer

Reflective processing involves analyzing and evaluating information, which is necessary for effective problem-solving and planning. Experiential processing involves learning through trial and error, intuitive thinking relies on instinct and feeling rather than analysis, and proxemics refers to the study of personal space and distance.

Question 10

The dictionary definition of a word is its __________ meaning.

Accepted Answer

Denotative meaning refers to the literal, dictionary definition of a word.

Question 11

It's hard to identify concepts when we can't come up with relevant

Accepted Answer

Prototypes are mental images or best examples of a concept, and they help us identify and understand new instances of the concept. If we cannot come up with relevant prototypes, it becomes difficult to identify the concept in question.

Question 12

Acceptance into the nursing program requires one to have successfully completed eight hours of anatomy and physiology and three hours of college algebra and have an overall 3.0 grade point average. Acceptance into the nursing program would be considered a __________ concept.

Accepted Answer

Acceptance into the nursing program is considered a conjunctive concept because it requires multiple criteria to be met simultaneously: completion of specific courses and a minimum GPA.

Question 13

If you are asked, "How many ways can you use an empty egg carton?" you might begin by picturing uses you have already seen, such as sorting buttons. To give more original answers, you must

Accepted Answer

To give more original answers about using an empty egg carton, assembling or inventing new mental images allows for creative thinking beyond familiar uses, leading to novel ideas.

Question 14

Which of the following often includes visual and auditory representations, but can also include representations of movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain?

Accepted Answer

Mental imagery often includes visual and auditory representations, but can also include representations of movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain. Pseudoperception is not a commonly used term in psychology, and illusionary processing generally refers to perceptual illusions. Automatic processing refers to processing information without conscious awareness or intentional control, and is not specific to mental imagery.

Question 15

When a majority-speaking child is taught a second language, it usually results in

Accepted Answer

When a majority-speaking child is taught a second language, it usually results in additive bilingualism, which means that the child becomes proficient in both languages and adds the second language to their linguistic repertoire without losing their first language. Additive dyslexia is not a common term in bilingual education and there is no evidence to suggest that learning a second language results in a child becoming less than fluent in both languages. Subtractive bilingualism refers to a situation where a child loses their first language due to lack of use or support in school or society, and this is not the typical outcome of learning a second language in a formal setting.

Question 16

To answer the question, "Does a frog have lips and a stubby tail?" most people

Accepted Answer

Mental rotation is the ability to mentally rotate an object in three-dimensional space. This ability is used to answer the question because it allows people to visualize the frog and its features, such as its lips and tail.

Question 17

Regarding language, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The context of a word within a sentence can significantly affect the word's meaning. For example, the word "bank" can mean either a financial institution or the side of a river, depending on the context in which it is used.

Question 18

Emotional judgments are part of which meaning of a word or concept?

Accepted Answer

Emotional judgments are associated with the connotative meaning of a word or concept, which is its subjective or cultural associations and implications beyond its literal definition.

Question 19

Dr. Hart is investigating how humans mentally process information, such as images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols. He would best be described as studying

Accepted Answer

Dr. Hart's focus on how humans mentally process information suggests that he is studying cognition, or the mental processes involved in perceiving, processing, and organizing information.

Question 20

An advertisement states that job applicants must have an A.A. degree or two years of experience. This illustrates a __________ concept.

Accepted Answer

The disjunctive concept means that job applicants must have either an A.A. degree or two years of experience. This is because meeting either requirement is sufficient for consideration.

Quiz 8: Cognition and Intelligence