Question 1

Which molecule stimulates phosphofructokinase to increase the flow of intermediates through glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

AMP is a signal of low energy status in a cell. When ATP levels are low, AMP levels increase, stimulating phosphofructokinase to accelerate glycolysis and produce more ATP.

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: serves as an electron carrier between complexes
serves as an acetyl group carrier
serves as an electron carrier and is reduced throughout respiration
serves as an electron carrier and is oxidized in Complex II for oxidative phosphorylation
serves as an electron carrier and is oxidized in Complex I for oxidative phosphorylation

Accepted Answer

The Answer of NAD⁺ and CoA and NADH and CoQ is...

Question 3

When triglycerides are hydrolyzed, they are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. The fatty acids are further broken down into two-carbon fragments in a process called fatty acid oxidation. At which pathway do these fragments enter respiration?

Accepted Answer

The two-carbon fragments produced from fatty acid oxidation enter the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) as acetyl-CoA, which is then further processed to produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Question 4

Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms are called strict anaerobes. Which explanation is most plausible for how they survive without oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur is chemically similar to oxygen and can be used as a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration.

Question 5

About 10-20% of patients with Leigh Syndrome, a mitochondrial disease, have a mutation in MT-ATP6, a gene that codes for ATP synthase. These patients often experience high levels of _____ in their cells due to an increase in levels of pyruvate that are unable to convert to acetyl-CoA.

Accepted Answer

When pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA due to mitochondrial dysfunction, as seen in Leigh Syndrome, it is instead converted into lactate. This process helps regenerate NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of efficient mitochondrial ATP production.

Question 6

Match between columns Premises: pyruvate, ATP, NADH , H⁺, and H₂O lactate and NAD⁺ CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, ATP, H⁺, and CoA NAD⁺, FAD, and ATP acetyl-coA, CO_{2 ,}NADH, and H⁺

Accepted Answer

The Answer of pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle is...

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: pyruvate oxidation
glycolysis
electron transport chain
ATP synthesis
citric acid cycle

Accepted Answer

The Answer of cytosol and inner mitochondrial membrane and outer is...

Question 8

Which enzyme in the glycolytic pathway acts as a switch that can be regulated by ATP, AMP, and citrate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which enzyme in the glycolytic pathway acts...

Question 9

Glucose biosynthesis is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which organisms produce glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol, which is the correct term for glucose biosynthesis.

Question 10

We study cellular respiration because it is one of the most important pathways in biology. In fact, nearly all carbohydrates at some point in their catabolism are directed through cellular respiration. Why is it unnecessary to have multiple independent pathways to break down different molecules?

Accepted Answer

Energy-containing macromolecules can be converted into intermediates that enter the cellular respiration pathway at various points, allowing for efficient energy extraction without needing multiple independent pathways.

Question 11

Explain why FADH₂generates less ATP than NADH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why FADH₂generates less ATP than NADH....

Question 12

How do cyanide and carbon monoxide affect cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do cyanide and carbon monoxide affect...

Question 13

Products of fermentation include NADH and FADH₂.

Accepted Answer

Products of fermentation typically include ethanol or lactic acid, and carbon dioxide, but not NADH or FADH2, which are instead consumed during the process to regenerate NAD+.

Question 14

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for some cellular respiration pathways to make ATP.

Accepted Answer

Both plants and animals have mitochondria in their cells, which are crucial for the process of cellular respiration, where ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell, is produced.

Question 15

When ATP levels are high, which enzyme's activity will be directly decreased by feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Citrate synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the citric acid cycle (the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate), is directly inhibited by high levels of ATP through feedback inhibition. This mechanism helps regulate the energy production process in cells, ensuring that ATP is produced only as needed.

Question 16

Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria....

Question 17

The Warburg effect is the observation that cancer cells produce energy using a high rate of glycolysis followed by fermentation rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Although the exact cause is still under investigation, which explanation is most plausible?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Warburg effect is the observation that...

Question 18

If during a chemical reaction, a molecule loses hydrogens, it could be described as being oxidized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If during a chemical reaction, a molecule...

Question 19

What is the difference between a strict anaerobe and a facultative anaerobe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between a strict...

Question 20

The oxidation of which macromolecule yields the most energy by weight?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oxidation of which macromolecule yields the...

Quiz 7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Which molecule stimulates phosphofructokinase to increase the flow of intermediates through glycolysis?

Match the following coenzymes to their function.

When triglycerides are hydrolyzed, they are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. The fatty acids are further broken down into two-carbon fragments in a process called fatty acid oxidation. At which pathway do these fragments enter respiration?

Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms are called strict anaerobes. Which explanation is most plausible for how they survive without oxygen?

About 10-20% of patients with Leigh Syndrome, a mitochondrial disease, have a mutation in MT-ATP6, a gene that codes for ATP synthase. These patients often experience high levels of _____ in their cells due to an increase in levels of pyruvate that are unable to convert to acetyl-CoA.

Match the following processes with the correct products.

Refer to the accompanying figure. In what part of the mitochondrion or cell do the following steps of cellular respiration take place? Not all choices will be used; some may be used more than once.

Which enzyme in the glycolytic pathway acts as a switch that can be regulated by ATP, AMP, and citrate?

Glucose biosynthesis is called _____.

We study cellular respiration because it is one of the most important pathways in biology. In fact, nearly all carbohydrates at some point in their catabolism are directed through cellular respiration. Why is it unnecessary to have multiple independent pathways to break down different molecules?

Explain why FADH₂generates less ATP than NADH.

How do cyanide and carbon monoxide affect cellular respiration?

Products of fermentation include NADH and FADH₂.

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for some cellular respiration pathways to make ATP.

When ATP levels are high, which enzyme's activity will be directly decreased by feedback inhibition?

Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.

The Warburg effect is the observation that cancer cells produce energy using a high rate of glycolysis followed by fermentation rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Although the exact cause is still under investigation, which explanation is most plausible?

If during a chemical reaction, a molecule loses hydrogens, it could be described as being oxidized.

What is the difference between a strict anaerobe and a facultative anaerobe?

The oxidation of which macromolecule yields the most energy by weight?

Quiz 7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Which molecule stimulates phosphofructokinase to increase the flow of intermediates through glycolysis?

Match the following coenzymes to their function.

When triglycerides are hydrolyzed, they are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. The fatty acids are further broken down into two-carbon fragments in a process called fatty acid oxidation. At which pathway do these fragments enter respiration?

Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms are called strict anaerobes. Which explanation is most plausible for how they survive without oxygen?

About 10-20% of patients with Leigh Syndrome, a mitochondrial disease, have a mutation in MT-ATP6, a gene that codes for ATP synthase. These patients often experience high levels of _____ in their cells due to an increase in levels of pyruvate that are unable to convert to acetyl-CoA.

Match the following processes with the correct products.

Refer to the accompanying figure. In what part of the mitochondrion or cell do the following steps of cellular respiration take place? Not all choices will be used; some may be used more than once.

Which enzyme in the glycolytic pathway acts as a switch that can be regulated by ATP, AMP, and citrate?

Glucose biosynthesis is called _____.

We study cellular respiration because it is one of the most important pathways in biology. In fact, nearly all carbohydrates at some point in their catabolism are directed through cellular respiration. Why is it unnecessary to have multiple independent pathways to break down different molecules?

Explain why FADH2generates less ATP than NADH.

How do cyanide and carbon monoxide affect cellular respiration?

Products of fermentation include NADH and FADH2.

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for some cellular respiration pathways to make ATP.

When ATP levels are high, which enzyme's activity will be directly decreased by feedback inhibition?

Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.

The Warburg effect is the observation that cancer cells produce energy using a high rate of glycolysis followed by fermentation rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Although the exact cause is still under investigation, which explanation is most plausible?

If during a chemical reaction, a molecule loses hydrogens, it could be described as being oxidized.

What is the difference between a strict anaerobe and a facultative anaerobe?

The oxidation of which macromolecule yields the most energy by weight?

Explain why FADH₂generates less ATP than NADH.

Products of fermentation include NADH and FADH₂.