Question 1

Which of the following questions best reflects the philosophical roots of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The question "What is the origin of knowledge?" best reflects the philosophical roots of psychology because it delves into epistemology, a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, which is foundational to psychological theories about learning, cognition, and perception.

Question 2

The major precept of the British philosophical school of empiricism was that

Accepted Answer

Empiricism posits that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience. One of its key ideas, as articulated by philosophers like John Locke, is that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa (blank slate) and that all knowledge is built from experience or perception.

Question 3

Most philosophers, beginning with Aristotle, commonly believed that all knowledge is

Accepted Answer

Aristotle and many other philosophers believed in empiricism, the idea that knowledge comes from sensory experience. This theory asserts that humans gain knowledge through perception of the world around them.

Question 4

In discussing what effect biological factors versus environmental factors have on an individual's behavior, the psychologist is trying to determine the balance between

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is trying to determine the balance between nature and nurture, which refers to the relative contributions of biological and environmental factors to an individual's behavior.

Question 5

The word "psychology" is a combination of two Greek words: psyche (or psuche ), meaning "the soul," and logos , meaning

Accepted Answer

Psychology is derived from "psyche," meaning "the soul," and "logos," meaning "the study of." Thus, psychology is essentially the study of the soul or mind.

Question 6

It is difficult for others to confirm an individual's subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does not lend itself well to

Accepted Answer

The scientific method relies on objective, measurable data that can be confirmed through observation and experimentation. Subjective introspections cannot be directly observed or measured, making them difficult to confirm through scientific methods.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the British empiricists' view of language acquisition ?

Accepted Answer

British empiricists, such as John Locke, argued that human knowledge and ideas come from sensory experiences. Therefore, they would assert that infants learn to process language based on their experiences, aligning with the empiricist emphasis on experience and learning over innate mechanisms or genetic predispositions.

Question 8

Philosophers and psychologists have a shared interest in, among other things

Accepted Answer

Philosophers and psychologists both explore the concept of free will, examining whether individuals have the capacity to make choices free from external constraints or determinism. This topic is central to debates in both fields regarding human behavior, morality, and the mind.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the way in which psychological scientists view the mind?

Accepted Answer

Psychological scientists view the mind as the activities of the brain, focusing on how mental processes and behaviors are rooted in the brain's physical structure and function.

Question 10

The scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions is called

Accepted Answer

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions. Introspection is a method of self-observation and reporting, which was used in the early history of psychology. Behaviorism and functionalism are specific schools of thought within psychology.

Question 11

Kevin Boyack and his colleagues generated a map of sciences, similar to a map of friendship networks on social media, by using

Accepted Answer

Boyack and his colleagues generated a map of sciences using reference lists in journal articles.

Question 12

New and innovative methods have allowed psychologists to observe brain activity and revisit questions of mental processes. What quality was introduced to psychological research through the use of these methods?

Accepted Answer

By observing brain activity, psychologists are able to collect more objective data about mental processes, rather than relying solely on subjective self-report measures.

Question 13

The mapping done by Boyack and colleagues shows that psychology is one of the major hub sciences that has strong connections to the

Accepted Answer

The mapping by Boyack and colleagues highlights psychology's significant connections to the medical sciences, the social sciences, and education, indicating its role as a hub science that bridges various fields.

Question 14

Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces after taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of

Accepted Answer

The young participant's facial expression is a behavior, as it is an observable and measurable action.

Question 15

A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I are highly anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called

Accepted Answer

The process described in the scenario is called introspection, which involves recording personal observations of one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This was a common technique used by early psychologists like Wilhelm Wundt to study the subjective experience of individuals.

Question 16

During psychology class, the professor described several themes of people's dreams. The highest percentage of people report what dream theme?

Accepted Answer

Being chased is one of the most commonly reported dream themes among people. This theme often reflects feelings of anxiety or being pursued by something in one's waking life.

Question 17

The foundation of American political thought was profoundly influenced by empiricist philosophers. Which of the following statements best summarizes those empiricists' influential beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Empiricist philosophers, influential in shaping American political thought, posited that individuals are born with a blank slate, or tabula rasa, implying an inherent equality in human beings at birth. This concept contrasts with the idea of innate knowledge or inherent evil, emphasizing instead that knowledge comes from experience and observation.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a shared interest between philosophers and psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Philosophers typically engage more with abstract, theoretical questions about mind, knowledge, ethics, and existence, while psychologists focus on empirical research into human behavior, mental processes, and how these can be influenced by biological and environmental factors. The relationships between drug treatments and disorders are more squarely in the domain of psychology and psychiatry, which deal directly with the diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues, including the pharmacological aspects.

Question 19

Dependent on introspection, early attempts at studying human mental processes were less than satisfactory because

Accepted Answer

Introspection, which involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings, is inherently subjective and cannot be easily verified by others, making it difficult to confirm. This limitation made early attempts at studying human mental processes through introspection less than satisfactory.

Question 20

The two disciplines that provide the foundation for psychology are

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two disciplines that provide the foundation...

Quiz 1: The Science of Mind the Discipline of Psychology