Question 1

According to Stanley Milgram, approximately _____ percent of his research participants felt that they had learned something about themselves and had regarded their participation in the study as worthwhile.

Accepted Answer

84 percent of Milgram's participants reported that they felt they had learned something about themselves and found their participation worthwhile.

Question 2

According to research on factors affecting obedience, which of the following scenarios would be most likely to induce obedience?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that obedience is more likely when authority figures are perceived as legitimate and authoritative, such as experimenters in white lab coats, and when there are no dissenting peers present.

Question 3

Jeffrey is a serial killer, and brain scans have revealed that there is damage that makes it less likely that he will inhibit his aggressive tendencies. He most likely has damage to his

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions and behaviors, including aggression. Damage to this area can result in less inhibition of aggressive tendencies. The other options listed do not have as direct a connection to aggression.

Question 4

According to the evolutionary approach, aggression

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary approach suggests that aggression was necessary for survival and reproduction. One function of aggression was to compete for mates and resources, which would increase an individual's chances of passing on their genes to the next generation. Therefore, D is the best choice.

Question 5

During a defensive huddle, a linebacker says to his fellow teammates, "I am really going to cream that running back! I'll hit him so hard that he will think he is a Radio City Music Hall Rockette!" This would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

The statement made by the linebacker is a threat of aggression, as he is expressing his intention to harm the opposing player.

Question 6

Arnie studies the phenomenon of school bullying. He purports that children are aggressive because it is a tendency that has survived through successive generations. Arnie is supporting the __________ theory of aggression.

Accepted Answer

Arnie's explanation aligns with the evolutionary theory of aggression, which suggests that aggressive behavior has been naturally selected because it has historically provided survival and reproductive advantages.

Question 7

According to Milgram's obedience to authority studies, which of the following persons is least likely to obey?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's studies found that individuals were less likely to obey when they observed others refusing to continue with the experiment, as it provided social support for disobedience.

Question 8

In Milgram's original experiment on obedience, most subjects stopped administering shocks

Accepted Answer

In Milgram's original experiment on obedience, most subjects continued with the procedure until the highest level of shocks had been delivered, showing a high level of obedience to authority figures even in the face of causing potential harm to others.

Question 9

Most psychologists believe that Milgram demonstrated a basic truth about human behavior-that

Accepted Answer

Milgram's experiment showed that under certain circumstances, such as when someone is perceived to have authority, ordinary people are capable of inflicting harm on others. This suggests that human beings have the potential to be cruel to others when they are in positions of power or when they are following orders from authority figures. It does not necessarily support the other options, as there were instances in Milgram's experiment where individuals still obeyed the authority figure even when others were not present, and the experiment did not necessarily involve aggression or group dynamics.

Question 10

Jack and Jill are in an experiment where they are asked to administer electric shocks to someone. Jack refuses to participate and walks out of the room. Jill is now

Accepted Answer

When one person refuses to comply with an authority figure, it can influence others to also resist, as seen in studies on conformity and obedience.

Question 11

The ________ technique to gaining compliance involves getting a commitment and then, at the last minute, changing the terms of the deal that was agreed to.

Accepted Answer

The lowball technique involves initially getting a commitment and then changing the terms of the agreement, often making it less favorable to the person who agreed.

Question 12

You ask your doctor to examine your sore throat. Surprisingly, she demands that you remove your Chicago Bulls hat and coat. If you take off your hat and coat, you have

Accepted Answer

The answer of You ask your doctor to examine your...

Question 13

When Kami's son Terence became increasingly violent during his teen years, Kami blamed it on hormones. Kami would most likely agree with a(n)__________ theory of aggression.

Accepted Answer

A biological theory of aggression would attribute aggressive behavior to physiological factors such as hormones, genetics, or brain chemistry. Kami's belief that her son's behavior was caused by his hormones would align with this perspective. The other choices (ethological, Freudian, and releaser) focus on different factors such as instinctual behavior, unconscious drives, and environmental triggers, respectively.

Question 14

A person with damage to the amygdala in the limbic system will most likely experience problems with

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is primarily involved in processing emotions such as fear and aggression, so damage to it can lead to issues with aggressive behavior.

Question 15

Randa studies the impact of aggression on society. Her newest study corroborates other recent research findings that aggression itself is not inherited. Rather, people tend to inherit a temperament of __________ that often leads to aggressive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that "people tend to inherit a temperament of impulsiveness that often leads to aggressive behaviors." This implies that impulsiveness is the inherited trait that is linked to aggression. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 16

The results of Milgram's obedience studies and of studies of the inhumane acts of Nazi and American soldiers in war indicate that

Accepted Answer

Milgram's studies demonstrated that people tend to follow authority figures' instructions, even when they conflict with personal conscience, indicating a strong tendency to obey authority.

Question 17

Which of the following factors increased the likelihood that an individual would obey the experimenter in Milgram's obedience studies?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with authoritarian personalities are more likely to obey authority figures, which increased the likelihood of obedience in Milgram's studies.

Question 18

Caleb's fifth-grade teacher, Mr. Tsoi, has just told Caleb to sit down. Although Caleb doesn't want to, he sits down. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of obedience because Caleb is following a direct order from an authority figure, his teacher, even though he doesn't want to.

Question 19

Silas has just taken an ax and killed several people. Silas's doctors suspect that his violent behavior could be due to

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, including fear and anger. If there is a problem with the amygdala, it can lead to violent behavior. Therefore, Silas's violent behavior could be due to a problem with his amygdala.

Question 20

What is the most serious ethical objection to Milgram's studies on obedience?

Accepted Answer

The most serious ethical objection to Milgram's studies on obedience is that experimental procedures should not cause emotional harm to subjects. In Milgram's experiments, participants were led to believe that they were administering electric shocks to another person, causing them emotional distress, even though no actual shocks were given. This deception and emotional manipulation violated ethical principles regarding the treatment of human research subjects.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology