Question 1

The 4 P's stand for

Accepted Answer

The 4 P's in psychology and healthcare stand for predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors. These factors help in understanding and managing health behaviors, mental health disorders, and physical illnesses. Predisposing factors are the individual's inherent characteristics that make them vulnerable to a particular condition. Precipitating factors are those that trigger the onset or exacerbation of the condition. Perpetuating factors are those that maintain or worsen the condition over time, while protective factors are those that promote positive health outcomes or help protect against the development of the condition.

Question 2

________ is/are the cement that holds together all forms of social life.

Accepted Answer

Social institutions, such as government, education, and family, define the norms, values, and expectations that bind members of society together. They provide a framework for social interaction and help maintain order and stability in society. While organizations, self-help groups, and religion can also play important roles in social life, social institutions are the fundamental cement that holds societies together.

Question 3

Hypotheses are used by the social worker to

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

From a multidimensional framework, the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A single factor cannot be solely responsible for causing a behavioral response. The multidimensional framework recognizes that biological, cognitive, and environmental factors all play a role in shaping behavior.

Question 5

Diversification

Accepted Answer

Diversification includes any process that influences variations observed in people and environments, encompassing a wide range of factors that contribute to the differences among individuals and settings.

Question 6

"Perspectives" are different from "theories" because

Accepted Answer

Perspectives are broader and more general than theories. They provide a way to view the world but do not necessarily predict specific behaviors or outcomes, unlike theories which are more specific and aim to explain or predict phenomena based on a set of principles.

Question 7

The medical approach does NOT

Accepted Answer

The answer of The medical approach does NOT
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Question 8

Which of the following approach(es)focuses/focus on how the structure and function of social relationships contribute to problems in human behavior?

Accepted Answer

The social, group, community, institutional, and organizational approaches all focus on how social relationships and structures can contribute to problems in human behavior. This includes examining factors such as social norms, power dynamics, and institutional policies that can impact individuals and groups within society. The other approaches listed – psychodynamic, learning, and medical – may touch on social factors, but they do not specifically focus on the role of social relationships and structures in understanding human behavior problems.

Question 9

Macneil and colleagues (2012)have added a fifth P for clinical practitioners:

Accepted Answer

Macneil and colleagues added personal factors as the fifth P for clinical practitioners, which refers to the individual characteristics and context of the client, such as their age, gender, culture, ethnicity, values, and beliefs. This factor is important to consider as it affects the client's perception of their problem, their readiness for change, and the most appropriate intervention. The other options (B, C, and D) are not part of the Five P's framework.

Question 10

Caspi and colleagues found that

Accepted Answer

Caspi and colleagues' research indicated that individuals with two short alleles (SS) for the 5-HTT gene were at the highest risk for depression when exposed to stressful life events. This study highlighted the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in the development of depression.

Question 11

The learning approach assumes

Accepted Answer

The learning approach assumes that people learn both adaptive and maladaptive functioning through environmental experiences and conditioning. This includes both positive and negative reinforcement for behaviors, which can lead to the development of habits and patterns of functioning.

Question 12

The psychological dimension does NOT

Accepted Answer

The psychological dimension focuses on the internal processes of the individual, such as mental processes, information processing, cognitive development, communication, social cognition, and emotions. It does not directly involve the social relationships that a person interacts with, which are considered part of the social dimension.

Question 13

An example of a physical hazard is

Accepted Answer

Exposure to lead in the environment is a physical hazard because it can cause damage to the body's organs, including the nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive system. It can also lead to developmental disabilities and other health problems.

Question 14

The psychodynamic approach does NOT

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach emphasizes understanding the underlying causes and origins of psychological problems, rather than ignoring them. It focuses on unconscious processes and conflicts as the root causes of psychological issues.

Question 15

The strengths perspective does NOT

Accepted Answer

The strengths perspective emphasizes the collaborative nature of the helper-client relationship and views the client as the expert on their own life, rather than positioning the helper as the expert.

Question 16

Maria is acting out because she is in a school system without adequate special-education resources. This statement represents a _______ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that Maria's behavior is influenced by external factors such as the lack of resources in the school system. This aligns with a social hypothesis, which focuses on the impact of social and environmental factors on an individual's behavior. The other answer choices (biophysical, psychological, strengths) are less relevant to this particular situation.

Question 17

The following statements about biophysical, psychological, and social systems are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Biophysical, psychological, and social systems do interact with other living and nonliving components of the system's physical environment.

Question 18

The perspective of this textbook is

Accepted Answer

The mention of an "integrative multidimensional approach" suggests that the textbook takes into account multiple perspectives, including medical, social, and psychological ones.

Question 19

Extreme forms of behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Extreme forms of behaviorism focus primarily on observable behaviors rather than on internal mental states or biological factors. This approach emphasizes the importance of external behaviors that can be seen and measured.

Question 20

In developing a case formulation, the practitioner is expected to

Accepted Answer

In developing a case formulation, the practitioner should gather information from many different sources, including the client's self-report, collateral reports from family, friends or colleagues, psychological testing, medical records, and historical records. This comprehensive approach allows the practitioner to gain a more thorough understanding of the client's background, current situation, and presenting problems. Ignoring information from family members or only trusting information from the client interview may limit the accuracy and validity of the case formulation. Disregarding psychological tests may also limit the practitioner's understanding of the client's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes.

Quiz 2: An Integrative Multidimensional Framework for Assessing Current and Developmental Concerns