Question 1

Suriya's older brother, Pranav, excelled in school and was president of the math club.Suriya is quite good at sports and is more focused on sports than academics, which he likes because it helps reduce his competition with Pranav in the academic realm.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The situation described shows how Suriya is differentiating himself from his older brother Pranav, who excels academically. Sibling differentiation is the process through which siblings develop their unique identities and pursue different interests to avoid direct competition with each other. This process is apparent in this scenario, as Suriya is more focused on sports than academics to avoid competing with his brother's academic success.

Question 2

Siblings who are close in age tend to have a more advanced understanding of ________ because they have practice thinking and talking about mental states of others.

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to the ability to understand and attribute mental states (such as beliefs, desires, and intentions) to oneself and others. Siblings who are close in age tend to have more opportunities to practice thinking and talking about each other's mental states, which can lead to a more advanced understanding of theory of mind.

Question 3

Dr.Gentsch works with children in foster care.She is working with two siblings who display significant behavior problems and sibling conflict.The research suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that siblings with significant behavior problems and conflict may fare better if they are placed in separate foster homes. Placing them in the same home could escalate the conflict and exacerbate behavior problems. Therefore, separating them could allow for more individualized care and attention to their specific needs.

Question 4

Matilda responds to her parents' divorce with increased sadness and loss of self-esteem.She is showing ________ problems.

Accepted Answer

Internalizing problems are characterized by negative emotions that are directed inwardly, such as sadness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Matilda's response to her parents' divorce, which includes increased sadness and loss of self-esteem, fits with the description of internalizing problems.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the prevalence and patterns of child abuse in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Neglect is the most common form of child abuse in the United States. According to the National Children's Alliance, neglect accounts for 75% of reported cases of abuse, while physical abuse accounts for 18%, sexual abuse accounts for 8%, and emotional abuse accounts for 7%.

Question 6

Jaxon is a 3-year-old boy whose parents are getting divorced.Marcela is a 3-year-old girl whose parents are also getting divorced.What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that boys may be more vulnerable to stressors like parental divorce and may exhibit more externalizing behavioral problems compared to girls.

Question 7

All of the following statements are true of children who grow up in gay and lesbian families EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The other three statements are true of children who grow up in gay and lesbian families. Research has shown that these children typically show normal cognitive development, demonstrate the same profiles of sexual preferences and gender identities as children raised in heterosexual families, and may experience negative societal attitudes and stigma towards their parents that can lead to negative experiences. However, there is no evidence that these children have higher levels of behavior problems compared to children raised in heterosexual families.

Question 8

Family size varies as a function of race.In the United States, which ethnicity is associated with the largest average household size?

Accepted Answer

According to U.S. Census Bureau data from 2021, Hispanic/Latino households have the largest average household size (3.25) compared to Asian-American households (2.88), black/African-American households (2.53), and white/European-American households (2.52).

Question 9

All of the following statements are true about the incidence of divorce EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The statement that there are increasingly higher divorce rates among those with more years of education is not accurate. Research has shown that higher levels of education are associated with lower rates of divorce. People with more education tend to marry later and are more likely to have stable marriages.

Question 10

Joy lives with her mother, father, brother, and sister.These individuals represent her ________ family.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D: nuclear. A nuclear family consists of a mother, father, and their children.

Question 11

Brooke was the first born.Her parents took her to the museum and talked to her about art.Her youngest brother out of her three siblings is exposed to his family discussing favorite foods and superheroes.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Confluence theory suggests that the intellectual environment changes with the addition of each child in a family, often leading to different experiences and exposures for each sibling, as illustrated by Brooke and her youngest brother's differing experiences.

Question 12

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Physical abuse does not show a consistent gender preference across all studies; in many cases, boys and girls are equally likely to experience physical abuse. The statement that boys are more likely than girls to experience physical abuse is not universally supported and varies depending on the context and the study.

Question 13

Tressa, Linda, and Rosemary are mothers who make very little money.Tressa is single, Linda is unmarried and living with a partner, and Rosemary is married.What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Single mothers like Tressa usually face more challenges when it comes to financial stability and access to resources. This can lead to higher levels of stress and strain on mental and physical health compared to Linda who has a partner to share the financial burden and support her emotionally. Rosemary, being married, may have more financial stability and a support system from her husband, making her less likely to experience mental and physical illness at high levels in comparison to Tressa. Therefore, Tressa is likely to show higher levels of mental and physical illness.

Question 14

Chandler lives with her mother, stepfather, brother, and stepsister.These individuals represent her ________ family.

Accepted Answer

A blended family refers to a family in which parents are no longer married but live together with their new partners and children. In this case, Chandler's family consists of her biological mother, stepfather, brother, and stepsister, which is a typical example of a blended family.

Question 15

Maya and Jennifer are 12-year-olds.Maya's parents were in their 40s when they had her, and Jennifer's parents were in their 20s when they had her.What is the LEAST likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Age of parents at the time of childbirth does not necessarily determine the strength of the parent-child relationship or the level of identification the child has with their parents. Therefore, it is least likely that Maya will report that she identifies more with her parents than Jennifer does. The other options have more empirical evidence supporting them, making them more likely outcomes.

Question 16

Gustavo is growing up in a family of high socioeconomic status, and Herman is growing up in a family of low economic status.Both Gustavo and Herman are the youngest of three boys.What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the socioeconomic status of the family has a significant impact on children's outcomes. The fact that Gustavo is growing up in a higher socioeconomic status family puts him at an advantage compared to Herman. However, the fact that both Gustavo and Herman are the youngest of three boys means that they may receive less attention and resources compared to their older siblings. Therefore, it is likely that Gustavo's future outcomes will be more similar to his siblings' outcomes than is the case for Herman.

Question 17

The majority of research indicates that:

Accepted Answer

The majority of research suggests that child care does not have any significant negative or positive effects on child development. There may be some small effects, but they are not consistent across all studies. Many factors, such as the quality of the child care, also play a role in child development outcomes. Therefore, choice D is the best option.

Question 18

In the United States, recent changes in family structure include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

While there have been increases in single-parent families, families with same-sex partners, and families in which parents divorce, there has been a decrease in families with young teen mothers.

Question 19

All of the following statements about jealousy and conflict between siblings are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Perceptions of differential treatment by parents can influence both sibling relationship quality and parent-child relationship quality.

Question 20

All of the following are true of sex differences in the links between stepparenting and children's development EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true. Research has found that both boys and girls may have more difficult relationships with stepmothers than stepfathers.

Quiz 14: Becoming Part of the Family