Question 1

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by severe ketosis, acidosis, and ____.

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a lack of insulin in the body, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. The body then starts breaking down fat for energy, which produces ketones, leading to ketosis. The excess ketones in the blood can cause acidosis, leading to a dangerous decrease in blood pH levels. Hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose, is a defining characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis. Renal failure, hallucinations, or myocardial ischemia are not typically associated with this condition.

Question 2

What best describes polydipsia?

Accepted Answer

Polydipsia is a medical term used to describe excessive thirst. It can be caused by various reasons such as diabetes, dehydration, and certain medications.

Question 3

Normal fasting plasma glucose levels are approximately ____ mg/dL.

Accepted Answer

Normal fasting plasma glucose levels are typically between 75 to 100 mg/dL. A level between 110 to 125 mg/dL may indicate prediabetes, while a level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate occasions typically indicates diabetes. A level below 60 mg/dL may indicate hypoglycemia.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a feature of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is not an autoimmune disease, unlike type 1 diabetes. Insulin resistance, obesity, and some cases requiring insulin therapy are all features of type 2 diabetes.

Question 5

Which condition is a microvascular complication of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes that affects the small blood vessels in the retina of the eye. Peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication are macrovascular complications that affect larger blood vessels. Hypertriglyceridemia is a metabolic complication of diabetes.

Question 6

People with type 1 diabetes need exogenous insulin because they ____.

Accepted Answer

People with type 1 diabetes no longer synthesize insulin due to the destruction of their pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. As a result, they require exogenous (external) insulin to regulate their blood glucose levels.

Question 7

The renal threshold is described as ____.

Accepted Answer

The renal threshold is the concentration of glucose in the blood at which the kidneys begin to pass glucose into the urine.

Question 8

The oral glucose tolerance test uses a glucose load of ____ grams.

Accepted Answer

The oral glucose tolerance test typically uses a glucose load of 75 grams. This standard has been established by the World Health Organization and American Diabetes Association to ensure consistency in testing and diagnosis of diabetes.

Question 9

Glycosuria usually occurs when plasma glucose concentration exceeds ____ mg/dL.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycosuria usually occurs when plasma glucose concentration...

Question 10

A fasting blood glucose level above ____ mg/dL is classified as diabetes.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Diabetes Association, a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate occasions indicates diabetes.

Question 11

Which ethnic population has the lowest relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

According to various studies, European Americans have the lowest relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes compared to other ethnic populations like Pacific Islanders, Asian Indians, and Native Americans. This may be due to genetic factors, lifestyle habits, and dietary practices. However, it is important to note that all populations can develop diabetes and risk factors can vary within each population.

Question 12

Diabetic ketoacidosis can develop when blood glucose is greater than ____ mg/dL.

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when there is a lack of insulin in the body, leading to elevated blood glucose levels (>250 mg/dL) and the breakdown of fat for energy, resulting in the production of ketones that can make the blood acidic. Therefore, option A (250 mg/dL) is the closest to the threshold level for the development of DKA. Options B (450 mg/dL), C (650 mg/dL), and D (700 mg/dL) are much higher than the typical blood glucose threshold for DKA.

Question 13

About ____ percent of persons with diabetes are unaware that they have it.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 24 percent of individuals with diabetes are unaware of their condition, highlighting the importance of regular screening and awareness of diabetes symptoms.

Question 14

The pancreatic hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is ____.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is the pancreatic hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver. It is released in response to low blood glucose levels and stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and produce glucose from other sources such as amino acids and fatty acids via gluconeogenesis.

Question 15

Type 1 diabetes accounts for ____ percent of diabetes cases in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 5 to 10 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes in the United States, with the majority being Type 2 diabetes.

Question 16

Using the "intensive therapy" approach, blood glucose is monitored at least ____ time(s) a day for people with type 1 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Intensive therapy requires monitoring blood glucose at least three times a day for people with type 1 diabetes. This allows for frequent adjustments to insulin doses to maintain optimal blood glucose control.

Question 17

What is the standard treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The standard treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement as well as insulin therapy. This is necessary to correct the electrolyte imbalances and lower the blood glucose levels. Option B is not a recommended treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Option C is not applicable as the condition does not require surgical intervention of the pancreas. Option D may be a long-term management strategy for diabetes, but it is not appropriate as an immediate treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.

Question 18

Which is NOT a sign or symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is NOT a sign or symptom...

Question 19

A blood glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL after an 8-hour fast would be classified as ____.

Accepted Answer

A blood glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL after an 8-hour fast would be classified as impaired fasting glucose. This indicates higher than normal blood glucose levels but not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes.

Question 20

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include ____.

Accepted Answer

Sweating and heart palpitations are common symptoms of hypoglycemia as there is a decrease in glucose levels which signals the release of counter-regulatory hormones like adrenaline leading to symptoms of sympathetic nervous system activation like sweating and palpitations. Increased thirst and polyuria are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia. Acetone breath could be a symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a complication of hyperglycemia. Warm, flushed skin is not typically associated with hypoglycemia as sympathetic nervous system activation typically causes cool, clammy skin.

Quiz 26: Diabetes Mellitus