Question 1

A few sports are size dependent, such as sumo wrestling and ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A few sports are size dependent, such...

Question 2

What do the majority of studies conclude about the safety of DHEA supplements?

Accepted Answer

The safety profile of DHEA is not fully known, as studies have produced mixed results and more research is needed. It is not recommended to take DHEA without consulting a healthcare professional.

Question 3

Male athletes who wish to promote the growth of muscle tissue should increase daily energy intake by approximately ____ kcal.

Accepted Answer

Male athletes looking to promote muscle growth should increase their daily energy intake by about 400 to 500 kcal. This additional energy supports the increased demands of muscle synthesis and recovery.

Question 4

Body composition plays a relatively minor role in the performance of athletes who are successful in ____.

Accepted Answer

Body composition plays a relatively minor role in the performance of golfers compared to athletes in sports like distance running, gymnastics, and basketball, where physical endurance, strength, flexibility, and body control are more directly influenced by body composition. Golf primarily requires skill, technique, and strategic thinking, making body composition less critical.

Question 5

Loss of a large amount of body fat takes time, and some of that time will likely be during the ____ when a moderate restriction of energy intake is feasible and will not interfere with training.

Accepted Answer

The off-season is the best time for an athlete to focus on losing a large amount of body fat. During this time, training intensity and volume are typically lower, allowing for a moderate restriction of energy intake without interfering with training. Additionally, the off-season provides a longer time frame for weight loss, which can help prevent rapid and unhealthy weight loss during competition phases.

Question 6

Weight cycling may cause a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Weight cycling may cause a(n)____.
...

Question 7

For athletes who are underweight and want to increase both muscle mass and body fat it is generally recommended that energy intake be increased by _____ kcal daily.

Accepted Answer

Increasing energy intake by 500 kcal daily is a common recommendation for athletes aiming to gain weight, as it allows for a gradual and sustainable increase in both muscle mass and body fat.

Question 8

Using the formula listed below, calculate the target body weight of a female soccer player currently weighing 134 lb with a 18% body fat. Her goal is 15% body fat. Target body weight = Current FFM \ 1 - desired % BF

Accepted Answer

1. Calculate her current Fat Mass (FM): 
FM = Current weight x Current %BF / 100 
FM = 134 x 18 / 100 = 24.12 lb 
2. Calculate her current Fat-Free Mass (FFM): 
FFM = Current weight - Current FM 
FFM = 134 - 24.12 = 109.88 lb 
3. Calculate her target FFMI (Fat-Free Mass Index): 
Target FFMI = (Current FFM) / (1 - Desired %BF) 
Target FFMI = 109.88 / (1 - 0.15) = 129.33 lb 
4. Calculate her target body weight: 
Target body weight = Target FFMI + Target FM 
Target body weight = 129.33 + (129.33 x 0.15 / 0.85) 
Target body weight = 129.33 + 22.88 = 152.21 lb

Rounding to the nearest integer gives us: 129 lb. Therefore, the answer is C (129).

Question 9

Which method of testing body composition has a SEE of approximately ±1.8 percent?

Accepted Answer

DEXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) has a standard error of estimate (SEE) of approximately ±1.8 percent, making it one of the most accurate methods for testing body composition. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is also highly accurate but can be expensive and time-consuming. BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) and NIR (near-infrared interactance) are less accurate and have larger SEE values.

Question 10

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)was originally developed for clinical use for measuring ____.

Accepted Answer

DEXA was first developed to measure bone density and is still a commonly used tool for diagnosing osteoporosis and other bone disorders. While it can also provide information on body composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass, its primary clinical use is for measuring bone density. Hydration status cannot be directly measured with DEXA.

Question 11

Weight cycling is defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

Weight cycling refers to the repeated cycle of losing weight and then gaining it back. It is also known as yo-yo dieting. It is different from large and rapid weight loss, which would be a one-time event, and fluid loss or gain, which do not involve actual changes in body fat. It can also occur even if the person is able to maintain a low body weight for a period of time.

Question 12

For an athlete trying to lose body fat, what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate that should be consumed each day?

Accepted Answer

For an athlete aiming to lose body fat while still maintaining energy levels for training, a minimum of 5 g/kg of carbohydrate per day is recommended. This ensures adequate fuel for workouts and supports overall health.

Question 13

Using the formula listed below, calculate the recommended minimum body weight of a male wrestler currently weighing 185 lb with 8% body fat. His goal is 4% body fat. Minimum body weight = Current FFM \ 1 - minimum %BF

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Calculate the current fat mass (FM)

FM = body weight x %BF / 100

FM = 185 x 8 / 100

FM = 14.8 lb

Step 2: Calculate the current fat-free mass (FFM)

FFM = body weight - FM

FFM = 185 - 14.8

FFM = 170.2 lb

Step 3: Calculate the target FM

Target FM = body weight x target %BF / 100

Target FM = body weight x 4 / 100

Target FM = 0.04 x body weight

Step 4: Calculate the target FFM

Target FFM = body weight - target FM

Target FFM = body weight - 0.04 x body weight

Target FFM = 0.96 x body weight

Step 5: Calculate the recommended minimum body weight

Minimum body weight = Current FFM / 1 - minimum %BF

Minimum body weight = 170.2 / 1 - 4 / 100

Minimum body weight = 170.2 / 0.96

Minimum body weight = 177.29 lb

Rounding to the nearest whole number, the recommended minimum body weight is 177 lb, which is choice D.

Question 14

How many kcal are needed to support the growth of 1 pound of muscle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many kcal are needed to support...

Question 15

Measuring weight on a daily basis can help athletes ____.

Accepted Answer

Measuring weight on a daily basis can help athletes monitor their hydration status, as changes in weight can indicate changes in fluid balance. However, weight alone is not a reliable indicator of body fat, muscle mass or overall body composition.

Question 16

What are prohormones?

Accepted Answer

Prohormones are compounds that are converted into active hormones in the body. In the case of muscle building supplements, prohormones are often precursors to testosterone, which can lead to increased muscle mass and strength. It is important to note that prohormones can have negative side effects and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Question 17

DHEA ____.

Accepted Answer

DHEA is considered a weak androgen (steroid) and is not included under the Anabolic Steroid Control Act. Option A is incorrect as it refers to spiking of supplements with anabolic steroids, which is illegal. Option B is incorrect as there is no evidence to support DHEA supplementation for baseball players. Option D is partially correct, as DHEA levels do decline with age, but the age given (65) is arbitrary and varies for individuals.

Question 18

How much additional protein is needed per day to support the growth of one pound of muscle?

Accepted Answer

To support the growth of one pound of muscle, an additional 14 grams of protein per day is generally needed. This is based on the understanding that muscle growth requires extra protein intake, but the amount is not as high as some might think. The body is efficient at utilizing protein for muscle repair and growth, and excessive amounts are not necessary for most individuals.

Question 19

Ephedra is ____.

Accepted Answer

Ephedra is a botanical term and refers to a genus of plants, commonly known as joint-pine or Mormon-tea. While ephedrine alkaloids are found within ephedra plants, ephedra is not synonymous with ephedrine alkaloids. Ephedra plants contain a variety of alkaloids, not just ephedrine. Additionally, ephedra plants include leaves and roots, not just stems and branches.

Question 20

Considering minimum carbohydrate, protein, and fat guidelines, it is generally recommended that athletes who wish to lose body fat not restrict energy intake to less than ____ kcal\kg daily.

Accepted Answer

It is generally recommended that athletes who wish to lose body fat not restrict energy intake to less than 30 kcal/kg daily, while still meeting minimum carbohydrate, protein, and fat guidelines. Restricting energy intake below this level can lead to loss of lean body mass and reductions in performance.

Quiz 11: Weight and Body Composition