Question 1

In prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons, what is the name of the actor in which many states have this shared interest?

Accepted Answer

The word "regime" refers to a set of guidelines and principles that govern a particular issue. The Non-Proliferation regime is a set of guidelines and principles which aim to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. It is an actor in which many states have a shared interest.

Question 2

In what way were enforcement measures strengthened in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

Accepted Answer

Member states are required to accept the jurisdiction of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, which has the power to investigate and make rulings on disputes between member states regarding their adherence to WTO agreements. This strengthens enforcement measures by providing a formal process for resolving disputes and ensuring that member states abide by the rules of the organization. Options A, C, and D are all incorrect because they do not relate to specific measures implemented by the WTO to strengthen enforcement.

Question 3

States generally are willing to enforce international law themselves because

Accepted Answer

States tend to benefit from international law because it provides a framework for resolving disputes peacefully, promoting economic cooperation, and protecting human rights. Additionally, states often rely on international law to establish norms and rules that help to prevent conflicts and maintain stability in the international system. While there may be enforcement mechanisms available through the United Nations or other international bodies, states are generally motivated to comply with international law because the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs of violating it.

Question 4

Norms can take many forms, including all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Relative power between states is not a form of norms. Norms refer to the shared expectations about how actors should behave, based on ethical principles and social identities. The relative power between states can influence the norms that emerge, but it is not a form of norm itself.

Question 5

Which theory of international relations supports the idea of the relevance of international law?

Accepted Answer

Liberalism emphasizes the importance of international law as a means of promoting cooperation and resolving conflicts among states. Liberal theorists believe that international institutions and norms, such as international law, can help to mitigate the power struggles that exist between states and promote greater stability in the international system. Realists, by contrast, are skeptical of the ability of international law to constrain state behavior and tend to view it as a tool that powerful states can use to advance their own interests. Economic structuralism and Marxism, while they may acknowledge the existence of international law, are more concerned with the economic structures that shape international relations and the distribution of power within the global system.

Question 6

The first permanent court to deal with significant illegal acts was the

Accepted Answer

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first permanent court to deal with significant illegal acts. It was established in 2002 and has jurisdiction over war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Its purpose is to ensure that those who commit such crimes are held accountable and brought to justice. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) deal with disputes between states and the interpretation of European Union law, respectively. The International Military Tribunal was a temporary court established after World War II to prosecute war crimes committed by individuals.

Question 7

Constructivists emphasize the role played by

Accepted Answer

Constructivists emphasize the role played by norms, which are shared beliefs and values that guide behavior in the international system. They argue that norms shape state behavior and help to create and maintain international institutions and regimes. Blended enforcement, treaties, and regimes are all important factors in international relations, but constructivists see norms as the key determining factor in shaping state behavior.

Question 8

___________ represent an intermediate category of agreements that are not formal laws but are significant nonetheless in shaping state behavior. Often, they remain unwritten and are not represented by formal organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ represent an intermediate category of agreements...

Question 9

Norms can spread through various ways. Were the World Bank to help spread the Washington consensus on development strategy this would be an example of

Accepted Answer

The World Bank is an international governmental organization and its dissemination of the Washington consensus would be an example of norms spreading through such organizations.

Question 10

The 1948 document that includes a range of inalienable rights that every individual possesses is known as the

Accepted Answer

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, outlines basic human rights that should be protected and guaranteed for all individuals.

Question 11

While the International Court of Justice can issue judicial decisions, the enforcement of those decisions has been the role of

Accepted Answer

The United Nations, specifically the Security Council, is responsible for enforcing the decisions of the International Court of Justice.

Question 12

Economic and social rights include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The answer of Economic and social rights include all of...

Question 13

The most pressing threats to international security tend to be brought to the ________.

Accepted Answer

The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, and therefore tends to have the most direct involvement and authority in addressing pressing threats to international security. The other options, such as the World Trade Organization and the General Assembly, may have broader mandates but are not specifically focused on security issues. The ICJ, or International Court of Justice, is primarily concerned with resolving legal disputes between states and may not always be directly involved in issues related to security threats.

Question 14

Those who argue against the relevance of international law suggest that

Accepted Answer

Those who argue against the relevance of international law often assert that it is a tool used by powerful states to control weaker states. They may argue that international law is selectively applied and enforced, and that powerful states are often immune to the consequences of violating international law.

Question 15

The first major global environmental treaty is the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first major global environmental treaty is...

Question 16

Many scholars would argue that today we are living in a period

Accepted Answer

Many scholars would argue that there is a decreasing normative consensus in today's world, with increasing polarization and diverging views among different societies and cultures. This is seen in debates around issues such as human rights, climate change, and globalization, which have become increasingly contentious and divisive.

Question 17

Norms can spread through many ways, including all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Norms can spread through various channels, such as international organizations, state-to-state interactions, and networks of government experts. However, the spread of norms through military coercion and war is not a desirable or legitimate way of promoting norms. It may lead to resistance and backlash, and undermines the legitimacy of the normative order.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

The statement that a universal duty to protect is not assumed is false. In fact, the concept of the responsibility to protect (R2P) assumes that all states have a responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and that if a state is unwilling or unable to fulfill this responsibility, the international community has a responsibility to take action to protect the populations at risk.

Question 19

The World Trade Organization (WTO) mechanism might be described as an instance of __________; i.e., although WTO has the authority to dole out penalties, enforcement comes from the states themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The World Trade Organization (WTO) mechanism might...

Question 20

Charles Beitz divides human rights into five broad categories.  Which of the following is not among these rights?

Accepted Answer

Charles Beitz divides human rights into five categories: social rights, economic rights, cultural rights, civic and political rights, and personal rights. Ethnic rights are not among these categories.

Quiz 13: International Law Norms and Human Rights