Question 1

Specialized courts differ from traditional courts in that they focus on one type of offender or offense, and because of their rehabilitative focus, tend to use which type of sentencing approach?

Accepted Answer

Specialized courts, such as drug courts or mental health courts, are designed to address the root causes of criminal behavior and promote rehabilitation. As a result, they tend to use indeterminate sentencing, which allows for flexibility in the length of the sentence based on the offender's progress in treatment and rehabilitation. Mandatory sentencing and truth-in-sentencing are less flexible approaches that may not be appropriate for specialized court populations. Determinate sentencing, which involves a fixed length of imprisonment, may be used in some specialized courts but is not as common as indeterminate sentencing.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary feature of probation?

Accepted Answer

Probation is a type of community supervision where offenders are allowed to remain in the community under specific conditions. The primary features of probation include drug testing, payment of fees, and regular employment. Prison time is not a feature of probation, as it is a form of punishment that involves confinement in a correctional facility.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a goal of diversion today?

Accepted Answer

Dealing with a punitively oriented alternative is not a goal of diversion today. The other three options are goals of diversion, including avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration, providing a range of alternatives, and providing a more justifying justice for victims and communities.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of community corrections acts (CCA)?

Accepted Answer

CCAs are typically created by state legislatures, not supreme courts.

Question 5

The purpose of ___________ programs is to prevent a novice offender from being stigmatized and labeled by the justice system while at the same time sparing the public the cost of unneeded criminal justice processing.

Accepted Answer

Diversion programs aim to divert novice offenders away from the traditional criminal justice system and prevent them from acquiring a criminal record. This helps to avoid the stigma associated with a criminal record and also saves public resources that would otherwise be allocated towards processing their cases through the criminal justice system.

Question 6

The practice that permits convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The practice that permits convicted offenders to...

Question 7

How many adult Americans in the U.S. are currently under some form of probationary control?

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, as of December 31, 2019, there were approximately 4.5 million adults on probation in the United States. Therefore, choice C) 4 million is the best answer.

Question 8

The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the:

Accepted Answer

The Community Corrections Act is the state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders. This act provides funding and support for non-prison alternatives, such as probation, community service, and electronic monitoring, in efforts to reduce recidivism and support rehabilitation for minor offenders.

Question 9

Nearly _ ___________________ of all probationers have been convicted of a violent offense, such as assault, sexual assault, and domestic violence.

Accepted Answer

About 20% of all probationers have been convicted of a violent offense, reflecting the proportion of individuals under probation supervision for crimes such as assault, sexual assault, and domestic violence.

Question 10

During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a:

Accepted Answer

Many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies known as risk management system during the 1980s and 1990s to address the growing concern of rising crime rates and overcrowding in correctional facilities. These policies focused on identifying and managing high-risk offenders to reduce recidivism rates and enhance public safety.

Question 11

Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody are called:

Accepted Answer

Sureties are individuals who agree to take responsibility for the actions of released offenders. They are often required to post a bond and may be held financially liable if the offender violates the terms of their release. "Entities" and "trustees" are not specifically related to this context and "fallons" is not a known term.

Question 12

The ____________________  is a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible.

Accepted Answer

Reintegrative philosophy focuses on rehabilitating offenders and reintegrating them back into society as soon as possible, rather than solely punishing them for their crimes (retributive philosophy) or simply attempting to reform them (rehabilitation philosophy). Reinstatement philosophy is not a commonly used term in the field of corrections.

Question 13

In the United States, the practice of probation began in 1841 in Boston due to the work of:

Accepted Answer

The practice of probation in the United States began in 1841 in Boston due to the work of John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker who convinced a judge to release a convicted offender into his custody for rehabilitation. Augustus supervised the offender and eventually convinced the judge to dismiss the case entirely. This success led Augustus to continue his work with other offenders and advocate for the use of probation as an alternative to imprisonment.

Question 14

The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was:

Accepted Answer

Probation has been the most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century, allowing individuals to remain in their communities under supervision rather than being incarcerated.

Question 15

____________________  requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.

Accepted Answer

Community service requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency. Financial restitution involves the offender paying money to the victim, while restorative service focuses on repairing harm caused by the offense through meetings between the offender and the victim. Center probation does not exist as a term in the criminal justice system.

Question 16

What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?

Accepted Answer

True diversion occurs when an offender is referred to a program, and successful completion of the program allows them to avoid criminal prosecution.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the key features of "the new penology" approach to probation?

Accepted Answer

The new penology approach to probation focuses on risk management and techniques of profiling and screening, and emphasizes the management of the system itself. While treatment and offering services may be used in this approach, it is not a key feature, making D the correct answer.

Question 18

A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as:

Accepted Answer

The program described is commonly known as Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC).

Question 19

_____________________ generally involves suspension of the offender's sentence in return for the promise of good behavior in the community while under supervision of the courts.

Accepted Answer

The description of the sentence being suspended in return for good behavior under court supervision fits the definition of probation. Diversion involves alternative programs instead of traditional sentencing, parole is release from prison with conditions, and community service is a form of punishment that requires the offender to work in the community.

Question 20

Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model...

Quiz 3: Community Corrections: Diversion and Probation