The increase in gang violence can be attributed to which of the following?

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Gang violence is often linked to individuals who lack self-esteem or a sense of belonging, which can be fulfilled by being a part of a gang. These individuals may turn to violence as a means of gaining respect and status within the gang. Parenting style, exposure to crime and violence, and positive reinforcement from adults may have indirect impacts on an individual's likelihood to join a gang, but lack of self-esteem is a more central contributing factor.

The Increase in Gang Violence Can Be Attributed to Which